Abstract
Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is one of the most damaging species of plant nematodes to vegetable crops. The efficacy of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of garlic for suppression of M. incognita infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that all tested extracts caused significant reductions (P≤0.05) in the nematode criteria, final population, rate of reproduction and percentages of nematode reduction compared to nematicide and non-treated plants. The methanolic extract at 6 ml/plant caused the best effect on the previous criteria (5536, 1.85 and 92.43%) respectively, compared with the non-treated control. On the other hand, all tested extracts decreased the negative effects of root-knot nematode and an enhancement in the growth parameters of tomato plants. Where the methanolic extract achieved the best results at the highest concentration in both measures of vegetative growth and the chemical content of defensive compounds for plants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All garlic extracts significantly reduced nematode final population, reproduction rate and nematode reduction percentages compared with nematicide and non-treated plants
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of garlice1
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pathogen - Outcome
- final population, rate of reproduction and percentages of nematode reductione2
- Direction
- significant reductionse2
- Comparator
- nematicide and non-treated plantse2
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“The efficacy of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of garlic for suppression of M. incognita infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were evaluated under greenhouse conditions”
e2“Results showed that all tested extracts caused significant reductions (P≤0.05) in the nematode criteria, final population, rate of reproduction and percentages of nematode reduction compared to nematicide and non-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanolic extract at 6 ml/plant gave the lowest nematode final population (5536) relative to the non-treated control
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- methanolic extract at 6 ml/plante3
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Outcome
- final populatione2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 5536e3
- Comparator
- non-treated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The efficacy of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of garlic for suppression of M. incognita infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were evaluated under greenhouse conditions”
e2“Results showed that all tested extracts caused significant reductions (P≤0.05) in the nematode criteria, final population, rate of reproduction and percentages of nematode reduction compared to nematicide and non-treated plants”
e3“The methanolic extract at 6 ml/plant caused the best effect on the previous criteria (5536, 1.85 and 92.43%) respectively, compared with the non-treated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanolic extract at 6 ml/plant gave the lowest rate of nematode reproduction (1.85) relative to the non-treated control
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- methanolic extract at 6 ml/plante3
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Outcome
- rate of reproductione2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 1.85e3
- Comparator
- non-treated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The efficacy of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of garlic for suppression of M. incognita infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were evaluated under greenhouse conditions”
e2“Results showed that all tested extracts caused significant reductions (P≤0.05) in the nematode criteria, final population, rate of reproduction and percentages of nematode reduction compared to nematicide and non-treated plants”
e3“The methanolic extract at 6 ml/plant caused the best effect on the previous criteria (5536, 1.85 and 92.43%) respectively, compared with the non-treated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanolic extract at 6 ml/plant gave the highest percentage of nematode reduction (92.43%) relative to the non-treated control
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- methanolic extract at 6 ml/plante3
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Outcome
- percentages of nematode reductione2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 92.43%e3
- Comparator
- non-treated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The efficacy of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of garlic for suppression of M. incognita infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were evaluated under greenhouse conditions”
e2“Results showed that all tested extracts caused significant reductions (P≤0.05) in the nematode criteria, final population, rate of reproduction and percentages of nematode reduction compared to nematicide and non-treated plants”
e3“The methanolic extract at 6 ml/plant caused the best effect on the previous criteria (5536, 1.85 and 92.43%) respectively, compared with the non-treated control”
Claim · model-written summary
All garlic extracts enhanced tomato growth parameters and reduced the negative effects of root-knot nematode
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- all tested extractse1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pathogen
- Outcome
- growth parameterse1
- Direction
- enhancemente1
- Comparator
- non-treated plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On the other hand, all tested extracts decreased the negative effects of root-knot nematode and an enhancement in the growth parameters of tomato plants”
e2“Results showed that all tested extracts caused significant reductions (P≤0.05) in the nematode criteria, final population, rate of reproduction and percentages of nematode reduction compared to nematicide and non-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanolic extract at the highest concentration gave the best results in vegetative growth and in the chemical content of defensive compounds of tomato
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- methanolic extracte2
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and the chemical content of defensive compoundse2
- Direction
- best resultse2
- Qualifier
- at the highest concentratione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The efficacy of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of garlic for suppression of M. incognita infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were evaluated under greenhouse conditions”
e2“Where the methanolic extract achieved the best results at the highest concentration in both measures of vegetative growth and the chemical content of defensive compounds for plants”
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