Abstract
Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of crop establishment. Weed menaces in DSR considerably reduce the yield potential, which can be addressed by effective irrigation and weed management practices. Information on the impact of various water-saving irrigations and brown manure (BM) on water use, weed studies, and the yield of drum-sown rice is very limited. A field investigation was conducted to determine the effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWDI) methods (10 cm, 15 cm dropped from FWT and farmers practices) and BM (Sesbania at 15, 20 and 25 kg ha-1, Pretilachlor 0.45 kg ha-1 as PE fbBispyribac Na 25 g ha-1 as PoE + hand weeding (HW) on 45 DAS, HW at 20 and 45 DAS, and weedy check. The results revealed that AWDI at 15 cm depletion of FWT with HW on 20 and 45 DAS increased the water use efficiency (5.3 kg ha mm-1), water productivity (0.53 kg m-3), water saving percentage (35.83%), and reduced the water consumption (770 mm). Continuous submergence with HW at 20 and 45 DAS significantly increased grain (4.4 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.5 t ha-1). At the same time, it reduced the grasses (53.3 and 58.4%) and sedges (76 and 75%), density and dry weight, respectively, over AWDI at 10 cm dropped from FWT. Thus, irrigation at 10 cm below FWT with sesbania BM at 20 kg ha-1 could be recommended for higher productivity of drum-sown rice under sodic soil conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI at 15 cm FWT depletion with hand weeding improved water use efficiency to 5.3 kg ha mm-1.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- AWDI at 15 cm depletion of FWT with HW on 20 and 45 DASe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.3 kg ha mm-1e0
- Comparator
- farmers practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWDI at 15 cm depletion of FWT with HW on 20 and 45 DAS increased the water use efficiency (5.3 kg ha mm-1)”
t0“drum seeded rice”
e1“AWDI) methods (10 cm, 15 cm dropped from FWT and farmers practices)”
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI at 15 cm FWT depletion with hand weeding improved water productivity to 0.53 kg m-3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDI at 15 cm depletion of FWT with HW on 20 and 45 DASe0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.53 kg m-3e0
- Comparator
- farmers practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWDI at 15 cm depletion of FWT with HW on 20 and 45 DAS increased the water use efficiency (5.3 kg ha mm-1), water productivity (0.53 kg m-3)”
t0“drum seeded rice”
e1“AWDI) methods (10 cm, 15 cm dropped from FWT and farmers practices)”
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI at 15 cm FWT depletion with hand weeding improved water saving percentage to 35.83%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDI at 15 cm depletion of FWT with HW on 20 and 45 DASe0
- Outcome
- water saving percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.83%e0
- Comparator
- farmers practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWDI at 15 cm depletion of FWT with HW on 20 and 45 DAS increased the water use efficiency (5.3 kg ha mm-1), water productivity (0.53 kg m-3), water saving percentage (35.83%)”
t0“drum seeded rice”
e1“AWDI) methods (10 cm, 15 cm dropped from FWT and farmers practices)”
Claim · model-written summary
AWDI at 15 cm FWT depletion with hand weeding reduced water consumption to 770 mm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDI at 15 cm depletion of FWT with HW on 20 and 45 DASe0
- Outcome
- water consumptione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 770 mme0
- Comparator
- farmers practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWDI at 15 cm depletion of FWT with HW on 20 and 45 DAS increased the water use efficiency (5.3 kg ha mm-1), water productivity (0.53 kg m-3), water saving percentage (35.83%), and reduced the water consumption (770 mm)”
t0“drum seeded rice”
e1“AWDI) methods (10 cm, 15 cm dropped from FWT and farmers practices)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous submergence with hand weeding increased grain to 4.4 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Continuous submergence with HW at 20 and 45 DASe0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.4 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- AWDI at 10 cm dropped from FWTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous submergence with HW at 20 and 45 DAS significantly increased grain (4.4 t ha-1)”
t0“drum seeded rice”
e1“over AWDI at 10 cm dropped from FWT”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous submergence with hand weeding increased straw yield to 6.5 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Continuous submergence with HW at 20 and 45 DASe0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.5 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- AWDI at 10 cm dropped from FWTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous submergence with HW at 20 and 45 DAS significantly increased grain (4.4 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.5 t ha-1)”
t0“drum seeded rice”
e1“over AWDI at 10 cm dropped from FWT”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous submergence with hand weeding reduced grass density and dry weight relative to AWDI at 10 cm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Continuous submergence with HW at 20 and 45 DASe1
- Outcome
- grassese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 53.3 and 58.4%e0
- Comparator
- AWDI at 10 cm dropped from FWTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it reduced the grasses (53.3 and 58.4%) and sedges (76 and 75%), density and dry weight, respectively, over AWDI at 10 cm dropped from FWT”
t0“drum seeded rice”
e1“Continuous submergence with HW at 20 and 45 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous submergence with hand weeding reduced sedge density and dry weight relative to AWDI at 10 cm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Continuous submergence with HW at 20 and 45 DASe1
- Outcome
- sedgese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 76 and 75%e0
- Comparator
- AWDI at 10 cm dropped from FWTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it reduced the grasses (53.3 and 58.4%) and sedges (76 and 75%), density and dry weight, respectively, over AWDI at 10 cm dropped from FWT”
t0“drum seeded rice”
e1“Continuous submergence with HW at 20 and 45 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend irrigation 10 cm below FWT with Sesbania brown manure at 20 kg ha-1 under sodic soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 10 cm below FWT with sesbania BM at 20 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- higher productivitye0
- Setting
- sodic soil conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation at 10 cm below FWT with sesbania BM at 20 kg ha-1 could be recommended for higher productivity of drum-sown rice under sodic soil conditions”
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