Paper · 2023 · Ecological Engineering

Aboveground wetland vegetation growth responses to simulated sediment diversion inundation scenarios

Ashleigh N. Lambiotte; Jacob F. Berkowitz; Glenn M. Suir; et al.

10
claims
11
verbatim quotes
2
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Coastal Louisiana is experiencing extremely high rates of wetland loss, particularly within the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain. Although multiple stressors contribute to this loss, one major driver is decreased wetland elevation stemming from disconnection of recurrent sediment rich influxes of Mississippi River floodwater. The decrease in sediment delivery, in conjunction with natural subsidence processes, reduce marsh elevations and increase flooding stress on vegetation, leading to marsh collapse. River sediment diversions are large-scale restoration techniques intended to rehabilitate Louisiana's degraded coastal wetlands by mimicking historic crevasse splays, thereby stimulating land building and vegetation growth. However, such large-scale restoration techniques require an appropriate knowledge base of vegetation and soil biogeochemical responses to altered environmental conditions. In this research, monospecific sods of three foundational marsh species (Spartina patens, Spartina alterniflora, Typha latifolia) were exposed to inundation depth (20 and 40 cm), duration (8 and 16 weeks), and salinity (0 and 5 psu) treatments consistent with a range of anticipated sediment diversion scenarios in a mesocosm setting. Additionally, sods were monitored through week 20 after being removed from their experimental conditions. Both Spartina alterniflora and Typha latifolia displayed relatively consistent increases in stem densities over time across inundation depth-duration treatments, whereas Spartina patens displayed a sharp decline in stem densities at 40 cm flooding depths. Additionally, both Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens had the least observed amount of total aboveground biomass at 40 cm flooding depths. Spartina patens sods displayed a significant loss in surface elevation with increased flooding stress through study week 20, whereas Typha latifolia demonstrated a significant gain in surface elevation. These results suggest that restoration projects increasing inundation within the limits of the depths employed herein and the anticipated duration of river diversion induced inundation are unlikely to negatively impact the aboveground growth responses of Spartina alterniflora and Typha latifolia, but could reduce stem densities and aboveground biomass of Spartina patens.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spartina alterniflora stem densities increased over time across inundation treatments.

Taxon
Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alternifloruse1
Treatment
inundation depth-duration treatmentse1
Outcome
stem densitiese1
Direction
increasese1
Qualifier
over timee1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sporobolus alterniflorus
Sporobolus alterniflorus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Both Spartina alterniflora and Typha latifolia displayed relatively consistent increases in stem densities over time across inundation depth-duration treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1344–1504 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Typha latifolia stem densities increased over time across inundation treatments.

Taxon
Typha latifoliaTypha latifoliae1
Treatment
inundation depth-duration treatmentse1
Outcome
stem densitiese1
Direction
increasese1
Qualifier
over timee1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Typha latifolia
Typha latifolia · TaxonAndrawaag · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Both Spartina alterniflora and Typha latifolia displayed relatively consistent increases in stem densities over time across inundation depth-duration treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1344–1504 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spartina patens stem densities declined sharply at 40 cm flooding depths.

Taxon
Spartina patensSporobolus pumiluse2
Treatment
40 cm flooding depthse2
Outcome
stem densitiese2
Direction
declinee2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sporobolus pumilus
Sporobolus pumilus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryAyotte, Gilles, 1948- · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“whereas Spartina patens displayed a sharp decline in stem densities at 40 cm flooding depths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1506–1598 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spartina alterniflora had the least total aboveground biomass at 40 cm flooding depths.

Taxon
Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alternifloruse3
Treatment
40 cm flooding depthse3
Outcome
total aboveground biomasse3
Direction
leaste3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sporobolus alterniflorus
Sporobolus alterniflorus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Additionally, both Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens had the least observed amount of total aboveground biomass at 40 cm flooding depths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1600–1744 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spartina patens had the least total aboveground biomass at 40 cm flooding depths.

Taxon
Spartina patensSporobolus pumiluse3
Treatment
40 cm flooding depthse3
Outcome
total aboveground biomasse3
Direction
leaste3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sporobolus pumilus
Sporobolus pumilus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryAyotte, Gilles, 1948- · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“Additionally, both Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens had the least observed amount of total aboveground biomass at 40 cm flooding depths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1600–1744 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Spartina patens lost surface elevation significantly with increased flooding stress through week 20.

Taxon
Spartina patensSporobolus pumiluse4
Treatment
increased flooding stresse4
Outcome
surface elevatione4
Direction
losse4
Qualifier
through study week 20e4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sporobolus pumilus
Sporobolus pumilus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryAyotte, Gilles, 1948- · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e4

“Spartina patens sods displayed a significant loss in surface elevation with increased flooding stress through study week 20, whereas Typha latifolia demonstrated a significant gain in surface elevation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1746–1947 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Typha latifolia gained surface elevation significantly.

Taxon
Typha latifoliaTypha latifoliae4
Outcome
surface elevatione4
Direction
gaine4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Typha latifolia
Typha latifolia · TaxonAndrawaag · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e4

“Spartina patens sods displayed a significant loss in surface elevation with increased flooding stress through study week 20, whereas Typha latifolia demonstrated a significant gain in surface elevation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1746–1947 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Restoration projects increasing inundation within the tested depths are unlikely to negatively impact Spartina alterniflora growth.

Taxon
Spartina alternifloraSporobolus alternifloruse5
Outcome
restoration projects increasing inundation within the limits of the depths employed hereine5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sporobolus alterniflorus
Sporobolus alterniflorus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“These results suggest that restoration projects increasing inundation within the limits of the depths employed herein and the anticipated duration of river diversion induced inundation are unlikely to negatively impact the aboveground growth responses of Spartina alterniflora and Typha latifolia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1949–2245 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Restoration projects increasing inundation within the tested depths are unlikely to negatively impact Typha latifolia growth.

Taxon
Typha latifoliaTypha latifoliae5
Outcome
restoration projects increasing inundation within the limits of the depths employed hereine5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Typha latifolia
Typha latifolia · TaxonAndrawaag · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“These results suggest that restoration projects increasing inundation within the limits of the depths employed herein and the anticipated duration of river diversion induced inundation are unlikely to negatively impact the aboveground growth responses of Spartina alterniflora and Typha latifolia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1949–2245 · show in text ↑
Associationhypothesisoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Increased inundation could reduce stem densities and aboveground biomass of Spartina patens.

Taxon
Spartina patensSporobolus pumiluse6
Treatment
restoration projects increasing inundatione5
Outcome
stem densities and aboveground biomasse6
Direction
reducee6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sporobolus pumilus
Sporobolus pumilus · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryAyotte, Gilles, 1948- · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“These results suggest that restoration projects increasing inundation within the limits of the depths employed herein and the anticipated duration of river diversion induced inundation are unlikely to negatively impact the aboveground growth responses of Spartina alterniflora and Typha latifolia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1949–2245 · show in text ↑
e6

“but could reduce stem densities and aboveground biomass of Spartina patens”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2247–2321 · show in text ↑

flooding · growth · Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 4 positive, 4 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

flooding · growth · Sporobolus pumilusResults agree

3 papers: 0 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
  2. negative
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.