Abstract
The consumption of plants plays an important role in human health. In addition to providing macro and micronutrients, plants are the sole sources of several phytonutrients that play a major role in disease prevention. However, in modern diets, increased consumption of cheaper, processed foods with poor nutritional value over fruits and vegetables leads to insufficient consumption of essential nutrients such as vitamin C. Taking supplements can address some of the insufficient nutrients in a diet. However, supplements are not as diverse or bioavailable as the nutrients in plants. Improving the abundance of nutrients in plants will reduce the amounts that need to be consumed, thereby reducing the price barrier and use of supplements. In this study, broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica ) microgreens grown in a controlled environment were biofortified for increased vitamin C content. The microgreens grown on growing pads were treated with supplemental nutrient solutions. Treatments were applied four to five days after germination and included four different concentrations of ascorbic acid specifically, 0% (control), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5%, added to the nutrient solution. Microgreens with turgid cotyledons and appearance of tip of first true leaves were harvested about 14 days after germination and were analyzed for biomass, chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamin C and other minerals content. The ascorbic acid improved the microgreens’ fresh biomass, percent dry matter, chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamin C, and potassium content. Moreover, this study also mapped out the correlation between ascorbic acid, phytochemicals, and broccoli microgreens’ mineral composition. The total vitamin C was positively correlated to K and negatively correlated to chlorophylls, N, P, Mg, Ca, S, and B (p < 0.01). These relationships can be applied in future vitamin C biofortification research across different microgreens. In conclusion, vitamin C was increased up to 222% by supplemental ascorbic acid without being detrimental to plant health and mineral composition.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid improved fresh biomass and percent dry matter of broccoli microgreens relative to the control.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- fresh biomass, percent dry mattere0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ascorbic acid improved the microgreens’ fresh biomass, percent dry matter, chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamin C, and potassium content”
e1“0% (control)”
t0“broccoli microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid improved chlorophylls and carotenoids of broccoli microgreens relative to the control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- chlorophylls, carotenoidse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ascorbic acid improved the microgreens’ fresh biomass, percent dry matter, chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamin C, and potassium content”
e1“0% (control)”
t0“broccoli microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid improved potassium content of broccoli microgreens relative to the control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- potassium contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ascorbic acid improved the microgreens’ fresh biomass, percent dry matter, chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamin C, and potassium content”
e1“0% (control)”
t0“broccoli microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C of broccoli microgreens was increased by up to 222% by supplemental ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- supplemental ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 222%e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vitamin C was increased up to 222% by supplemental ascorbic acid”
e1“0% (control)”
t0“broccoli microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental ascorbic acid was not detrimental to plant health and mineral composition.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- supplemental ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- plant health and mineral compositione0
- Direction
- without being detrimentale0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vitamin C was increased up to 222% by supplemental ascorbic acid without being detrimental to plant health and mineral composition”
e1“0% (control)”
t0“broccoli microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Total vitamin C was positively correlated with K in broccoli microgreens (p < 0.01).
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Compound
- Ke0
- Outcome
- total vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total vitamin C was positively correlated to K and negatively correlated to chlorophylls, N, P, Mg, Ca, S, and B (p < 0.01)”
t0“broccoli microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Total vitamin C was negatively correlated with chlorophylls, N and P (p < 0.01).
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Compound
- chlorophylls, N, Pe0
- Outcome
- total vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total vitamin C was positively correlated to K and negatively correlated to chlorophylls, N, P, Mg, Ca, S, and B (p < 0.01)”
t0“broccoli microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Total vitamin C was negatively correlated with Mg, Ca and S (p < 0.01).
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Compound
- Mg, Ca, Se0
- Outcome
- total vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total vitamin C was positively correlated to K and negatively correlated to chlorophylls, N, P, Mg, Ca, S, and B (p < 0.01)”
t0“broccoli microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Total vitamin C was negatively correlated with B (p < 0.01).
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Compound
- Be0
- Outcome
- total vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total vitamin C was positively correlated to K and negatively correlated to chlorophylls, N, P, Mg, Ca, S, and B (p < 0.01)”
t0“broccoli microgreens”
The same questions in other papers
ascorbic acid · quality: general · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ascorbic acid · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.