Abstract
Biofortification is gaining importance globally to improve human nutrition through enhancing the micronutrient content, such as vitamin A, iron, and zinc, in staple food crops. The present study aims to identify the chromosomal regions governing the grain iron concentration (GFeC), grain zinc concentration (GZnC), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in wheat, developed from a cross between HD3086 and HI1500. The experiment was conducted in four different production conditions at Delhi viz. , control, drought, heat, and combined heat and drought stress and at Indore under drought stress. Grain iron and zinc content increased under heat and combined stress conditions, while thousand kernel weight decreased. Medium to high heritability with a moderate correlation between grain iron and zinc was observed. Out of 4,106 polymorphic markers between the parents, 3,407 SNP markers were used for linkage map construction which spanned over a length of 14791.18 cm. QTL analysis identified a total of 32 chromosomal regions governing the traits under study, which includes 9, 11, and 12 QTLs for GFeC, GZnC, and TKW, respectively. A QTL hotspot was identified on chromosome 4B which is associated with grain iron, grain zinc, and thousand kernel weight explaining the phenotypic variance of 29.28, 10.98, and 17.53%, respectively. Similarly, common loci were identified on chromosomes 4B and 4D for grain iron, zinc, and thousand kernel weight. In silico analysis of these chromosomal regions identified putative candidate genes that code for proteins such as Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase, P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase and F-box-like domain superfamily proteins which play role in many important biochemical or physiological process. The identified markers linked to QTLs can be used in MAS once successfully validated.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Grain iron and zinc content increased under heat and combined stress conditions relative to control
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- heat and combined stress conditionse1
- Outcome
- Grain iron and zinc contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Delhie2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Grain iron and zinc content increased under heat and combined stress conditions, while thousand kernel weight decreased”
e2“The experiment was conducted in four different production conditions at Delhi viz. , control, drought, heat, and combined heat and drought stress and at Indore under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand kernel weight decreased under heat and combined stress conditions relative to control
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- heat and combined stress conditionse1
- Outcome
- thousand kernel weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- Delhie2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Grain iron and zinc content increased under heat and combined stress conditions, while thousand kernel weight decreased”
e2“The experiment was conducted in four different production conditions at Delhi viz. , control, drought, heat, and combined heat and drought stress and at Indore under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Heritability of the traits was medium to high in the RIL population
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- heritabilitye3
- Qualifier
- Medium to highe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“Medium to high heritability with a moderate correlation between grain iron and zinc was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain iron and zinc content were moderately correlated
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- recombinant inbred lines (RILs)e4
- Outcome
- correlation between grain iron and zince3
- Qualifier
- moderatee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“Medium to high heritability with a moderate correlation between grain iron and zinc was observed”
e4“recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in wheat, developed from a cross between HD3086 and HI1500”
Claim · model-written summary
The linkage map spanned 14791.18 cm from 3,407 polymorphic SNP markers
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- linkage mape4
- Value
- 14791.18 cme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“Out of 4,106 polymorphic markers between the parents, 3,407 SNP markers were used for linkage map construction which spanned over a length of 14791.18 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
QTL analysis identified 32 chromosomal regions governing the traits
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- chromosomal regions governing the traitse5
- Value
- 32e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“QTL analysis identified a total of 32 chromosomal regions governing the traits under study, which includes 9, 11, and 12 QTLs for GFeC, GZnC, and TKW, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine QTLs were identified for grain iron concentration
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- QTLse5
- Value
- 9e5
- Qualifier
- GFeCe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“QTL analysis identified a total of 32 chromosomal regions governing the traits under study, which includes 9, 11, and 12 QTLs for GFeC, GZnC, and TKW, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven QTLs were identified for grain zinc concentration
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- QTLse5
- Value
- 11e5
- Qualifier
- GZnCe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“QTL analysis identified a total of 32 chromosomal regions governing the traits under study, which includes 9, 11, and 12 QTLs for GFeC, GZnC, and TKW, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve QTLs were identified for thousand kernel weight
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- QTLse5
- Value
- 12e5
- Qualifier
- TKWe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“QTL analysis identified a total of 32 chromosomal regions governing the traits under study, which includes 9, 11, and 12 QTLs for GFeC, GZnC, and TKW, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A QTL hotspot was identified on chromosome 4B
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- QTL hotspote6
- Qualifier
- chromosome 4Be6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“A QTL hotspot was identified on chromosome 4B which is associated with grain iron, grain zinc, and thousand kernel weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The chromosome 4B QTL hotspot explained 29.28% of phenotypic variance in grain iron
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- QTL hotspote6
- Outcome
- phenotypic variancee7
- Value
- 29.28e7
- Qualifier
- grain irone6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“A QTL hotspot was identified on chromosome 4B which is associated with grain iron, grain zinc, and thousand kernel weight”
e7“explaining the phenotypic variance of 29.28, 10.98, and 17.53%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The chromosome 4B QTL hotspot explained 10.98% of phenotypic variance in grain zinc
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- QTL hotspote6
- Outcome
- phenotypic variancee7
- Value
- 10.98e7
- Qualifier
- grain zince6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“A QTL hotspot was identified on chromosome 4B which is associated with grain iron, grain zinc, and thousand kernel weight”
e7“explaining the phenotypic variance of 29.28, 10.98, and 17.53%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The chromosome 4B QTL hotspot explained 17.53% of phenotypic variance in thousand kernel weight
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- QTL hotspote6
- Outcome
- phenotypic variancee7
- Value
- 17.53e7
- Qualifier
- thousand kernel weighte6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“A QTL hotspot was identified on chromosome 4B which is associated with grain iron, grain zinc, and thousand kernel weight”
e7“explaining the phenotypic variance of 29.28, 10.98, and 17.53%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Common loci were identified on chromosomes 4B and 4D for grain iron, zinc and thousand kernel weight
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- common locie0
- Qualifier
- chromosomes 4B and 4De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Similarly, common loci were identified on chromosomes 4B and 4D for grain iron, zinc, and thousand kernel weight”
Claim · model-written summary
In silico analysis identified putative candidate genes in the QTL regions
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase, P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase and F-box-like domain superfamily proteinse1
- Outcome
- putative candidate genese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“In silico analysis of these chromosomal regions identified putative candidate genes that code for proteins such as Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase, P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase and F-box-like domain superfamily proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Markers linked to the QTLs can be used in marker-assisted selection once validated
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- used in MASe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“The identified markers linked to QTLs can be used in MAS once successfully validated”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.