Abstract
An understanding of the transport pathway used by Zn and Mn to enter developing grains may allow measures to increase the Zn and Mn content of wheat grain grown on Zn/Mn deficient soils. For this reason, transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated. Detached ears (18–22 days post‐anthesis) were cultured for 48 h in a solution containing 185 kBq of 65 Zn and 185 kBq of 54 Mn. Transport of 65 Zn to the grain was unaffected by removal of glumes but was slightly reduced after the lemma was removed. Heat girdling the peduncle slightly reduced the amount of 65 Zn transported to the grain, whilst heat girdling the rachilla reduced transport of 65 Zn to the grain to a greater degree, suggesting phloem transport to the rachilla. The transport inhibitor CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m ‐chlorophenyl hydrazone) blocked 65 Zn transport to grain but not to lemma and glumes. Removing glumes and lemma and heat girdling the peduncle did not affect transport of 54 Mn, but transport was slightly affected by heat girdling the rachilla, indicating xylem transport. CCCP blocked transport of 54 Mn into the grain but not to lemma and glumes. It was concluded that xylem‐to‐phloem transfer of Zn occurs in the rachis and to a lesser extent in peduncle and lemma. The results suggest that the lemma may be an important site for phloem loading when the concentration of Zn within the xylem is high. The data also suggest that Mn was predominantly translocated to the spikelets in the xylem, but that transport to the grain was dependent upon membrane transport before entering the grain. Phloem loading of Mn into the grain vascular system may have occurred at the site of xylem discontinuity in the floral axis.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the glumes did not change 65Zn transport to the grain.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- removal of glumese2
- Outcome
- Transport of 65 Zn to the graine2
- Direction
- unaffectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e2“Transport of 65 Zn to the grain was unaffected by removal of glumes but was slightly reduced after the lemma was removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the lemma slightly reduced 65Zn transport to the grain.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- the lemma was removede2
- Outcome
- Transport of 65 Zn to the graine2
- Direction
- slightly reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e2“Transport of 65 Zn to the grain was unaffected by removal of glumes but was slightly reduced after the lemma was removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat girdling the peduncle slightly reduced the amount of 65Zn transported to the grain.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Heat girdling the pedunclee3
- Outcome
- the amount of 65 Zn transported to the graine3
- Direction
- slightly reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e3“Heat girdling the peduncle slightly reduced the amount of 65 Zn transported to the grain, whilst heat girdling the rachilla reduced transport of 65 Zn to the grain to a greater degree”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat girdling the rachilla reduced 65Zn transport to the grain to a greater degree than peduncle girdling.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- heat girdling the rachillae3
- Outcome
- transport of 65 Zn to the graine3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- to a greater degreee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e3“Heat girdling the peduncle slightly reduced the amount of 65 Zn transported to the grain, whilst heat girdling the rachilla reduced transport of 65 Zn to the grain to a greater degree”
Claim · model-written summary
The CCCP inhibitor blocked 65Zn transport to the grain but not to the lemma and glumes.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CCCPe4
- Outcome
- 65 Zn transport to graine4
- Direction
- blockede4
- Comparator
- lemma and glumese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e4“CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m ‐chlorophenyl hydrazone) blocked 65 Zn transport to grain but not to lemma and glumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the glumes and lemma did not affect 54Mn transport.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Removing glumes and lemmae5
- Outcome
- transport of 54 Mne5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e5“Removing glumes and lemma and heat girdling the peduncle did not affect transport of 54 Mn”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat girdling the peduncle did not affect 54Mn transport.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- heat girdling the pedunclee5
- Outcome
- transport of 54 Mne5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e5“Removing glumes and lemma and heat girdling the peduncle did not affect transport of 54 Mn”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat girdling the rachilla slightly affected 54Mn transport.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- heat girdling the rachillae6
- Outcome
- transporte6
- Direction
- slightly affectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e6“transport was slightly affected by heat girdling the rachilla, indicating xylem transport”
Claim · model-written summary
The CCCP inhibitor blocked 54Mn transport into the grain but not to the lemma and glumes.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CCCPe7
- Outcome
- transport of 54 Mn into the graine7
- Direction
- blockede7
- Comparator
- lemma and glumese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e7“CCCP blocked transport of 54 Mn into the grain but not to lemma and glumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn undergoes xylem-to-phloem transfer in the rachis and, to a lesser extent, in the peduncle and lemma.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- rachise1
- Outcome
- xylem‐to‐phloem transfer of Zne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e1“xylem‐to‐phloem transfer of Zn occurs in the rachis and to a lesser extent in peduncle and lemma”
Claim · model-written summary
The lemma may be an important site for phloem loading of Zn when xylem Zn concentration is high.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- lemmae1
- Outcome
- phloem loadinge1
- Qualifier
- when the concentration of Zn within the xylem is highe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e1“The results suggest that the lemma may be an important site for phloem loading when the concentration of Zn within the xylem is high”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn was predominantly translocated to the spikelets in the xylem.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Mn was predominantly translocated to the spikeletse1
- Qualifier
- in the xyleme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e1“Mn was predominantly translocated to the spikelets in the xylem, but that transport to the grain was dependent upon membrane transport before entering the grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn transport to the grain depended on membrane transport before entering the grain.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- transport to the grain was dependent upon membrane transport before entering the graine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated”
e1“Mn was predominantly translocated to the spikelets in the xylem, but that transport to the grain was dependent upon membrane transport before entering the grain”
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