Abstract
Magnesium is an essential macronutrient for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) growth, as it participates in chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, and enzyme activation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco’s dynamic response to varying magnesium concentrations remain unclear. This study combined physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to explore the adaptive strategies of tobacco seedlings under complete magnesium deficiency (CK), deficient, optimal (T3, 4 mmol/L), excess, and toxic magnesium conditions. Magnesium deficiency/excess induced oxidative stress and inhibited growth, while T3 promoted agronomic traits. Transcriptomics of the CK and T3 treatment groups showed: 7 days (5,450 DEGs, 51.6% up/48.4% down), 15 days (15,582 DEGs, 49.9% up/50.1% down), 30 days (11,574 DEGs, 44.9% up/55.1% down). Genes highly sensitive to magnesium concentration included LOC107825700, LOC107808263, and LOC107759348 (consistently upregulated under optimal magnesium) and LOC107795938, LOC107785922 (significantly downregulated under magnesium deficiency). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sucrose-galactose metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and nucleotide metabolism pathways. Metabolomic of the CK and T3 treatment groups results confirmed that optimal magnesium upregulated key metabolites such as fructose 6-phosphate, galactose, α-ketoglutaric acid, and guanosine, while suppressing purine and 2-aminopurine accumulation. Additionally, sucrose synthase (LOC107828804), arginine decarboxylase (LOC107773487), and nucleotide metabolism-related genes (LOC107773465) were identified as core regulatory genes for magnesium response. This study reveals that tobacco adapts to magnesium concentration changes through synergistic regulation of “photosynthesis-TCA cycle-sucrose-amino acid-nucleotide” metabolic networks. The identified magnesium-sensitive genes and key pathways provide a theoretical basis for breeding magnesium-deficiency-tolerant tobacco varieties and optimizing magnesium fertilizer application in tobacco production.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium deficiency or excess induced oxidative stress in tobacco seedlings.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- Magnesium deficiency/excesse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium deficiency/excess induced oxidative stress and inhibited growth, while T3 promoted agronomic traits.”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium deficiency or excess inhibited tobacco growth.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Magnesium deficiency/excesse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium deficiency/excess induced oxidative stress and inhibited growth, while T3 promoted agronomic traits.”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal magnesium promoted tobacco agronomic traits.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- agronomic traitse0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- Magnesium deficiency/excesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Magnesium deficiency/excess induced oxidative stress and inhibited growth, while T3 promoted agronomic traits.”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
CK and T3 tobacco groups differed by 5,450 DEGs at day 7.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- 7 dayse0
- Outcome
- DEGse0
- Value
- 5,450 DEGse0
- Qualifier
- 51.6% up/48.4% downe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7 days (5,450 DEGs, 51.6% up/48.4% down)”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
CK and T3 tobacco groups differed by 15,582 DEGs at day 15.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- 15 dayse0
- Outcome
- DEGse0
- Value
- 15,582 DEGse0
- Qualifier
- 49.9% up/50.1% downe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15 days (15,582 DEGs, 49.9% up/50.1% down)”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
CK and T3 tobacco groups differed by 11,574 DEGs at day 30.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- 30 dayse0
- Outcome
- DEGse0
- Value
- 11,574 DEGse0
- Qualifier
- 44.9% up/55.1% downe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 days (11,574 DEGs, 44.9% up/55.1% down)”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
LOC107825700, LOC107808263 and LOC107759348 were consistently upregulated under optimal magnesium.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- optimal magnesiume0
- Gene
- LOC107825700, LOC107808263, and LOC107759348e0
- Outcome
- consistently upregulatede0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LOC107825700, LOC107808263, and LOC107759348 (consistently upregulated under optimal magnesium)”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
LOC107795938 and LOC107785922 were significantly downregulated under magnesium deficiency.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- magnesium deficiencye0
- Gene
- LOC107795938, LOC107785922e0
- Outcome
- downregulatede0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LOC107795938, LOC107785922 (significantly downregulated under magnesium deficiency)”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco DEGs were enriched in photosynthesis, TCA cycle, sucrose-galactose metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and nucleotide metabolism pathways.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- enriched in photosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sucrose-galactose metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and nucleotide metabolism pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sucrose-galactose metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and nucleotide metabolism pathways.”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal magnesium increased fructose 6-phosphate, galactose and α-ketoglutaric acid in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- optimal magnesiume0
- Outcome
- fructose 6-phosphate, galactose, α-ketoglutaric acide0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal magnesium upregulated key metabolites such as fructose 6-phosphate, galactose, α-ketoglutaric acid, and guanosine, while suppressing purine and 2-aminopurine accumulation.”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal magnesium increased guanosine in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- optimal magnesiume0
- Outcome
- guanosinee0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal magnesium upregulated key metabolites such as fructose 6-phosphate, galactose, α-ketoglutaric acid, and guanosine, while suppressing purine and 2-aminopurine accumulation.”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal magnesium suppressed purine and 2-aminopurine accumulation in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- optimal magnesiume0
- Outcome
- purine and 2-aminopurine accumulatione0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimal magnesium upregulated key metabolites such as fructose 6-phosphate, galactose, α-ketoglutaric acid, and guanosine, while suppressing purine and 2-aminopurine accumulation.”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose synthase LOC107828804, arginine decarboxylase LOC107773487 and LOC107773465 were identified as core magnesium response regulators.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- LOC107828804e0
- Outcome
- core regulatory genes for magnesium responsee0
- Qualifier
- arginine decarboxylase (LOC107773487), and nucleotide metabolism-related genes (LOC107773465)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sucrose synthase (LOC107828804), arginine decarboxylase (LOC107773487), and nucleotide metabolism-related genes (LOC107773465) were identified as core regulatory genes for magnesium response.”
t0“tobacco seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that tobacco adapts to magnesium changes through coordinated photosynthesis, TCA cycle, sucrose, amino acid and nucleotide networks.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- adapts to magnesium concentration changese0
- Qualifier
- synergistic regulation of “photosynthesis-TCA cycle-sucrose-amino acid-nucleotide” metabolic networkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco adapts to magnesium concentration changes through synergistic regulation of “photosynthesis-TCA cycle-sucrose-amino acid-nucleotide” metabolic networks.”
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