Abstract
The optimal germinative ability, carbohydrate and in-kernel air-dry content values of corn seeds are essential for the distilling industry. Our examinations were focused on the investigations of the hailstorm and corn smut fungus [Ustilago maydis (DC.)Corda] infection effects on corn seed germination, as well as inkernel air-dry content values of the seeds. The corn samples were collected in 3. September 2007 from three plots (control, hail stormed and transition areas). Beside, smut-infected samples were collected, too. The samples were analysed by Wendei-analysis in order to get information about the in-kernel air-dry content value changes of the hail stormed and smut infected seeds. In order to supplement our study a-amylase activity, sucrose, glucose and fructose content in the first 7 days of seed germination were also investigated. In the case of hail stormed samples cob mass and in-kernel air-dry content values decreased. The smut fungus infection decreased the raw protein (-2.7 %), raw fibre (-0.3%), raw ash (-0.5%), extractable matter exempt from N (-12.9%) and starch (-9.2%) contents. It was evident that enzyme activity and sugar content in the stressed germinating was significantly lower compared with the control ones. The lowest data were detected in the seeds originating from corn smut fungus infected plants. Our results clearly show that stress conditions applied altered not only the chemical components in the seeds but decreased their germinating activity as well.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Hail reduced corn cob mass and seed air dry content.
- Taxon
- CORN
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- hail stormed samplese0
- Outcome
- cob mass and in-kernel air-dry content valuese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the case of hail stormed samples cob mass and in-kernel air-dry content values decreased”
t0“HAIL STORMED CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Smut infection reduced raw protein by -2.7 %.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- smut fungus infectione0
- Interactor
- USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDAt0pathogen
- Outcome
- raw proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -2.7 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The smut fungus infection decreased the raw protein (-2.7 %), raw fibre (-0.3%), raw ash (-0.5%), extractable matter exempt from N (-12.9%) and starch (-9.2%) contents.”
t0“CORN SMUT FUNGUS (USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Smut infection reduced raw fibre by -0.3%.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- smut fungus infectione0
- Interactor
- USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDAt0pathogen
- Outcome
- raw fibree0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -0.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The smut fungus infection decreased the raw protein (-2.7 %), raw fibre (-0.3%), raw ash (-0.5%), extractable matter exempt from N (-12.9%) and starch (-9.2%) contents.”
t0“CORN SMUT FUNGUS (USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Smut infection reduced raw ash by -0.5%.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- smut fungus infectione0
- Interactor
- USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDAt0pathogen
- Outcome
- raw ashe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -0.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The smut fungus infection decreased the raw protein (-2.7 %), raw fibre (-0.3%), raw ash (-0.5%), extractable matter exempt from N (-12.9%) and starch (-9.2%) contents.”
t0“CORN SMUT FUNGUS (USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Smut infection reduced extractable matter exempt from N by -12.9%.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- smut fungus infectione0
- Interactor
- USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDAt0pathogen
- Outcome
- extractable matter exempt from Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -12.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The smut fungus infection decreased the raw protein (-2.7 %), raw fibre (-0.3%), raw ash (-0.5%), extractable matter exempt from N (-12.9%) and starch (-9.2%) contents.”
t0“CORN SMUT FUNGUS (USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Smut infection reduced starch by -9.2%.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- smut fungus infectione0
- Interactor
- USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDAt0pathogen
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -9.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The smut fungus infection decreased the raw protein (-2.7 %), raw fibre (-0.3%), raw ash (-0.5%), extractable matter exempt from N (-12.9%) and starch (-9.2%) contents.”
t0“CORN SMUT FUNGUS (USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme activity and sugar content in stressed germinating seeds were significantly lower than controls.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- stressed germinatinge0
- Outcome
- enzyme activity and sugar contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- control onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enzyme activity and sugar content in the stressed germinating was significantly lower compared with the control ones”
t0“HAIL STORMED CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds from smut infected plants had the lowest measured values.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDAt0pathogen
- Outcome
- enzyme activity and sugar contente1
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest data were detected in the seeds originating from corn smut fungus infected plants”
e1“enzyme activity and sugar content in the stressed germinating”
t0“CORN SMUT FUNGUS (USTILAGO MAYDIS (DC.)CORDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress conditions reduced germinating activity.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- germinating activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stress conditions applied altered not only the chemical components in the seeds but decreased their germinating activity as well”
t0“HAIL STORMED CORN”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.