Abstract
The effects of inoculating plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and soil water deficits on crop growth and physiology remain largely unknown. Here, the responses of leaf gas exchange, growth, and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato plants to Bacillus pumilus (B.p.) inoculation under four irrigation strategies (I1-I4) were investigated in a greenhouse. Results showed that soil water deficits, especially at I4 (20%, v/v), significantly decreased leaf stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and photosynthetic rate (An), and the decrease of gs and Tr were more pronounced than An. Reduced irrigation regimes significantly lowered dry matter and plant water use both in the non-B.p. control and the B.p. plants, while reduced irrigation significantly increased plant WUE, and B.p. inoculation had little effect on this parameter. Synergistic effects of PGPR and deficit irrigation on leaf gas exchange, leaf abscisic acid content, and stomatal density were found in this study, and specifically, B.p. treated plants at I4 possessed the highest WUE at stomatal and leaf scales, suggesting that B.p. inoculation could optimize water use and partly alleviate the negative effects of soil water deficit. These findings provide useful information for effective irrigation management and the application of PGPR in agriculture in the future.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit, especially I4, significantly decreased tomato stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- Tomato Plant
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- soil water deficitse0
- Outcome
- leaf stomatal conductance (gs)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil water deficits, especially at I4 (20%, v/v), significantly decreased leaf stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and photosynthetic rate (An)”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit, especially I4, significantly decreased tomato transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- soil water deficitse0
- Outcome
- transpiration rate (Tr)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil water deficits, especially at I4 (20%, v/v), significantly decreased leaf stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and photosynthetic rate (An)”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit, especially I4, significantly decreased tomato photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- soil water deficitse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate (An)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil water deficits, especially at I4 (20%, v/v), significantly decreased leaf stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and photosynthetic rate (An)”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration more than photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- the decrease of gs and Tre0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- Ane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease of gs and Tr were more pronounced than An.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation significantly lowered tomato dry matter in control and Bacillus treated plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Reduced irrigation regimese0
- Interactor
- B.p.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced irrigation regimes significantly lowered dry matter and plant water use both in the non-B.p. control and the B.p. plants”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation significantly lowered tomato plant water use in control and Bacillus treated plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Reduced irrigation regimese0
- Interactor
- B.p.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant water usee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced irrigation regimes significantly lowered dry matter and plant water use both in the non-B.p. control and the B.p. plants”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation significantly increased tomato plant water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- reduced irrigatione0
- Outcome
- plant WUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced irrigation significantly increased plant WUE”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pumilus inoculation had little effect on plant water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- B.p. inoculatione0
- Interactor
- B.p.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- this parametere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B.p. inoculation had little effect on this parameter.”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus and deficit irrigation interacted in their effect on tomato leaf gas exchange.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR and deficit irrigatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf gas exchangee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synergistic effects of PGPR and deficit irrigation on leaf gas exchange, leaf abscisic acid content, and stomatal density were found in this study”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus and deficit irrigation interacted in their effect on tomato leaf abscisic acid content.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR and deficit irrigatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf abscisic acid contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synergistic effects of PGPR and deficit irrigation on leaf gas exchange, leaf abscisic acid content, and stomatal density were found in this study”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus and deficit irrigation interacted in their effect on tomato stomatal density.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PGPR and deficit irrigatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synergistic effects of PGPR and deficit irrigation on leaf gas exchange, leaf abscisic acid content, and stomatal density were found in this study”
t0“Tomato Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus treated tomato plants at I4 had the highest water use efficiency at stomatal and leaf scales.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- B.p. treated plants at I4e0
- Interactor
- B.p.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- WUE at stomatal and leaf scalese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B.p. treated plants at I4 possessed the highest WUE at stomatal and leaf scales”
t0“Tomato Plant”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: gas exchange · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →irrigation · physiology: water · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
116 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
143 papers more in this group
See all 147 papers →irrigation · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
68 papers in the same direction as this paper · 106 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
171 papers more in this group
See all 175 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.