Abstract
Green stem disorder (GSD), characterized by delayed stem senescence during seed maturation, complicates harvesting in soybean production. Although GSD is associated with a sink – source imbalance, a rapid and precise evaluation of GSD has not been established. In sink-limited soybean plants, vegetative storage protein (VSP) accumulates. In this study, pot and field experiments were conducted to reevaluate the relationship between GSD, sink – source imbalance caused by soil moisture change, and VSP accumulation as a possible indicator of GSD in Kyoto, Japan over two years. Drought treatment for four weeks from R1 (beginning flowering), R3 (beginning pod), or R5 (beginning seed) growth stage in pots using the short growth-period cultivar Yukihomare reduced sink size in both years, but reduced relative sink mass (pod weight/shoot weight) and increased GSD severity only in 2017, suggesting that sink-source imbalance, affected by soil moisture, can induce GSD. Soil moisture change from around R3 or R5 to maturity in fields using trench-filled or unfilled water tended to change GSD severity but not VSP accumulation in the uppermost fully expanded leaves from R5 (2018) or 15 days before R5 (2019) to 28 days after R5. GSD and VSP responses, however, differed between the two contrasting cultivars, Tachinagaha and Touhoku 129, suggesting the potential usability of VSP for GSD evaluation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Four weeks of drought from R1, R3 or R5 reduced sink size in soybean cultivar Yukihomare in both years.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- Yukihomaree0
- Treatment
- Drought treatment for four weekse0
- Outcome
- sink sizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in both yearse0
- Setting
- potse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean cultivars”
e0“Drought treatment for four weeks from R1 (beginning flowering), R3 (beginning pod), or R5 (beginning seed) growth stage in pots using the short growth-period cultivar Yukihomare reduced sink size in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced relative sink mass (pod weight/shoot weight) only in 2017.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought treatment for four weekse0
- Outcome
- relative sink mass (pod weight/shoot weight)e1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- only in 2017e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean cultivars”
e0“Drought treatment for four weeks from R1 (beginning flowering), R3 (beginning pod), or R5 (beginning seed) growth stage in pots using the short growth-period cultivar Yukihomare reduced sink size in both years”
e1“reduced relative sink mass (pod weight/shoot weight) and increased GSD severity only in 2017”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased green stem disorder severity only in 2017.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought treatment for four weekse0
- Outcome
- GSD severitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- only in 2017e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean cultivars”
e0“Drought treatment for four weeks from R1 (beginning flowering), R3 (beginning pod), or R5 (beginning seed) growth stage in pots using the short growth-period cultivar Yukihomare reduced sink size in both years”
e1“reduced relative sink mass (pod weight/shoot weight) and increased GSD severity only in 2017”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture change from around R3 or R5 to maturity tended to change green stem disorder severity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil moisture changee2
- Outcome
- GSD severitye2
- Setting
- in fieldse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean cultivars”
e2“Soil moisture change from around R3 or R5 to maturity in fields using trench-filled or unfilled water tended to change GSD severity but not VSP accumulation in the uppermost fully expanded leaves from R5 (2018) or 15 days before R5 (2019) to 28 days after R5”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture change did not change vegetative storage protein accumulation in the uppermost fully expanded leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- uppermost fully expanded leavese2
- Treatment
- Soil moisture changee2
- Outcome
- VSP accumulatione2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean cultivars”
e2“Soil moisture change from around R3 or R5 to maturity in fields using trench-filled or unfilled water tended to change GSD severity but not VSP accumulation in the uppermost fully expanded leaves from R5 (2018) or 15 days before R5 (2019) to 28 days after R5”
Claim · model-written summary
GSD and VSP responses differed between the cultivars Tachinagaha and Touhoku 129.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Tachinagaha and Touhoku 129e3
- Outcome
- GSD and VSP responsese3
- Qualifier
- differede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean cultivars”
e3“GSD and VSP responses, however, differed between the two contrasting cultivars, Tachinagaha and Touhoku 129”
Claim · model-written summary
VSP may be usable for evaluating green stem disorder in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- potential usability of VSP for GSD evaluatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean cultivars”
e4“suggesting the potential usability of VSP for GSD evaluation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sink-source imbalance affected by soil moisture can induce green stem disorder in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- GSDe5
- Qualifier
- sink-source imbalance, affected by soil moisturee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean cultivars”
e5“suggesting that sink-source imbalance, affected by soil moisture, can induce GSD”
The same questions in other papers
soil water · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
drought · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.