Abstract
Abstract. Berhanu R, Feyissa T. 2020. Factors influencing micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis of two cassava varieties, Kello and Qulle. Cell Biol Dev 4: 71-81. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a perennial Euphorbiaceae shrub cultivated in the tropics, Africa, and Asia for its tuberous starchy roots. Lack of good-quality seed, low productivity and profit, virus and insect pests, high heterozygosity, low natural fertility, poor seed set, and seed germination limit its cultivation. The conventional breeding system is ill-equipped to address these issues. Therefore, additional biotechnological solutions are required to address the abovementioned issues. This research aimed to devise a method for obtaining a maximum number of shoots and morphologically sound in vitro materials by micropropagation, as well as to investigate the various parameters related to the micropropagation of the two cassava varieties, 'Kello' and 'Qulle.' The research also contains a somatic embryogenesis technique that is an optimal source of in vitro materials for large-scale multiplication. In this experiment, a Solid MS medium with different salt concentrations, sucrose concentrations, TDZ, a two-step procedure involving pre-soak of nodal explants in a liquid MS medium prior to culture on a solid MS medium, with different pH values, repeated subcultures, and somatic embryo induction on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D alone and in combination with 2 µM CuSO4 were utilized. At a concentration of 0.2 mg/L TDZ, both 'Kello' and 'Qulle' exhibited the highest average number of shoots per explant and improved morphological properties of in vitro material. At a TDZ concentration of 0.2 mg/L, the two-step cultivation strategy produced the greatest mean number of shoots per plant for both kinds. The maximum mean number of shoots per explant was produced by 'Kello' at a medium salt strength of a quarter, but 'Qulle' required a medium salt strength of full. 'Kello' and 'Qulle' produced the greatest average number of shoots per explant at pH values of 5.6 and 6.6, respectively. At 0.15% sucrose, 'Kello' and 'Qulle' attained their highest mean values for all parameters. During somatic embryo induction, treatments with varying doses of 2,4-D generated FEC and somatic embryos, but the somatic embryos failed to progress through the globular stage. The micropropagation property of the two types through sequential subculturing suggested that repeated subculturing causes the in vitro materials to lose their multiplication property.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.2 mg/L TDZ, Kello gave the highest average number of shoots per explant and improved morphological properties of in vitro material.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Material
- Kelloe1
- Treatment
- 0.2 mg/L TDZe1
- Outcome
- average number of shoots per explante1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- improved morphological properties of in vitro materiale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e1“At a concentration of 0.2 mg/L TDZ, both 'Kello' and 'Qulle' exhibited the highest average number of shoots per explant and improved morphological properties of in vitro material”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.2 mg/L TDZ, Qulle gave the highest average number of shoots per explant and improved morphological properties of in vitro material.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Qullee1
- Treatment
- 0.2 mg/L TDZe1
- Outcome
- average number of shoots per explante1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- improved morphological properties of in vitro materiale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e1“At a concentration of 0.2 mg/L TDZ, both 'Kello' and 'Qulle' exhibited the highest average number of shoots per explant and improved morphological properties of in vitro material”
Claim · model-written summary
The two-step cultivation strategy at 0.2 mg/L TDZ gave the greatest mean number of shoots per plant for both cassava varieties.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- two-step cultivation strategye2
- Outcome
- mean number of shoots per plante2
- Direction
- greateste2
- Qualifier
- 0.2 mg/Le2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e2“At a TDZ concentration of 0.2 mg/L, the two-step cultivation strategy produced the greatest mean number of shoots per plant for both kinds”
Claim · model-written summary
Kello gave the maximum mean number of shoots per explant at a medium salt strength of a quarter.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Kelloe3
- Treatment
- a medium salt strength of a quartere3
- Outcome
- maximum mean number of shoots per explante3
- Direction
- maximume3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e3“The maximum mean number of shoots per explant was produced by 'Kello' at a medium salt strength of a quarter, but 'Qulle' required a medium salt strength of full”
Claim · model-written summary
Qulle required a medium salt strength of full to give the maximum mean number of shoots per explant.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Qullee3
- Treatment
- medium salt strength of fulle3
- Outcome
- maximum mean number of shoots per explante3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e3“The maximum mean number of shoots per explant was produced by 'Kello' at a medium salt strength of a quarter, but 'Qulle' required a medium salt strength of full”
Claim · model-written summary
Kello gave the greatest average number of shoots per explant at pH 5.6.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Kelloe4
- Treatment
- pH values of 5.6e4
- Outcome
- greatest average number of shoots per explante4
- Direction
- greateste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e4“'Kello' and 'Qulle' produced the greatest average number of shoots per explant at pH values of 5.6 and 6.6, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Qulle gave the greatest average number of shoots per explant at pH 6.6.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Qullee4
- Treatment
- pH values of 5.6 and 6.6e4
- Outcome
- greatest average number of shoots per explante4
- Direction
- greateste4
- Qualifier
- 6.6, respectivelye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e4“'Kello' and 'Qulle' produced the greatest average number of shoots per explant at pH values of 5.6 and 6.6, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Kello attained its highest mean values for all parameters at 0.15% sucrose.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Kelloe5
- Treatment
- 0.15% sucrosee5
- Outcome
- mean values for all parameterse5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e5“At 0.15% sucrose, 'Kello' and 'Qulle' attained their highest mean values for all parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Qulle attained its highest mean values for all parameters at 0.15% sucrose.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Qullee5
- Treatment
- 0.15% sucrosee5
- Outcome
- mean values for all parameterse5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e5“At 0.15% sucrose, 'Kello' and 'Qulle' attained their highest mean values for all parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Varying doses of 2,4-D generated friable embryogenic callus and somatic embryos in cassava.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- varying doses of 2,4-De6
- Outcome
- FEC and somatic embryose6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e6“treatments with varying doses of 2,4-D generated FEC and somatic embryos, but the somatic embryos failed to progress through the globular stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Somatic embryos induced by 2,4-D failed to progress through the globular stage in cassava.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- varying doses of 2,4-De6
- Outcome
- progress through the globular stagee6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e6“treatments with varying doses of 2,4-D generated FEC and somatic embryos, but the somatic embryos failed to progress through the globular stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated subculturing caused in vitro cassava materials to lose their multiplication property.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- repeated subculturinge7
- Outcome
- multiplication propertye7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cassava”
e7“repeated subculturing causes the in vitro materials to lose their multiplication property”
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