Abstract
Introduction Melatonin is a multipotent molecule that exists widely in animals and plants and plays an active regulatory role in abiotic stresses. The B3 superfamily is a ubiquitous transcription factor with a B3 functional domain in plants, which can respond temporally to abiotic stresses by activating defense compounds and plant hormones. Despite the fact that the B3 genes have been studied in a variety of plants, their role in soybean is still unknown. Methods The regulation of melatonin on cold resistance of soybean and the response of B3 genes to cold stress were investigated by measuring biochemical indexes of soybean. Meanwhile, the genome-wide identification of B3 gene family was conducted in soybean, and B3 genes were analyzed based on phylogeny, motifs, gene structure, collinearity, and cis-regulatory elements analysis. Results We found that cold stress-induced oxidative stress in soybean by producing excessive reactive oxygen species. However, exogenous melatonin treatment could increase the content of endogenous melatonin and other hormones, including IAA and ABA, and enhance the antioxidative system, such as POD activity, CAT activity, and GSH/GSSG, to scavenge ROS. Furthermore, the present study first revealed that melatonin could alleviate the response of soybean to cold stress by inducing the expression of B3 genes. In addition, we first identified 145 B3 genes in soybean that were unevenly distributed on 20 chromosomes. The B3 gene family was divided into 4 subgroups based on the phylogeny tree constructed with protein sequence and a variety of plant hormones and stress response cis-elements were discovered in the promoter region of the B3 genes, indicating that the B3 genes were involved in several aspects of the soybean stress response. Transcriptome analysis and results of qRT-PCR revealed that most GmB3 genes could be induced by cold, the expression of which was also regulated by melatonin. We also found that B3 genes responded to cold stress in plants by interacting with other transcription factors. Discussion We found that melatonin regulates the response of soybean to cold stress by regulating the expression of the transcription factor B3 gene, and we identified 145 B3 genes in soybean. These findings further elucidate the potential role of the B3 gene family in soybean to resist low-temperature stress and provide valuable information for soybean functional genomics study.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress induced oxidative stress in soybean by producing excessive reactive oxygen species.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- cold stresse1
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen speciese1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“cold stress-induced oxidative stress in soybean by producing excessive reactive oxygen species”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin treatment increased the content of endogenous melatonin and of the hormones IAA and ABA in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonin treatmente1
- Outcome
- content of endogenous melatonin and other hormones, including IAA and ABAe1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“exogenous melatonin treatment could increase the content of endogenous melatonin and other hormones, including IAA and ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin treatment enhanced the antioxidative system (POD activity, CAT activity and GSH/GSSG) to scavenge ROS in soybean under cold stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- antioxidative system, such as POD activity, CAT activity, and GSH/GSSGe1
- Direction
- enhancee1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“enhance the antioxidative system, such as POD activity, CAT activity, and GSH/GSSG, to scavenge ROS”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin could alleviate the response of soybean to cold stress by inducing the expression of B3 genes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Gene
- B3 genese1
- Outcome
- alleviate the response of soybean to cold stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“melatonin could alleviate the response of soybean to cold stress by inducing the expression of B3 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified 145 B3 genes in soybean, unevenly distributed on 20 chromosomes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- B3 genese1
- Outcome
- unevenly distributed on 20 chromosomese1
- Value
- 145e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we first identified 145 B3 genes in soybean that were unevenly distributed on 20 chromosomes”
Claim · model-written summary
The soybean B3 gene family was divided into 4 subgroups based on a phylogenetic tree built from protein sequences.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- B3 gene familye1
- Outcome
- divided into 4 subgroupse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“The B3 gene family was divided into 4 subgroups based on the phylogeny tree constructed with protein sequence”
Claim · model-written summary
A variety of plant hormone and stress response cis-elements were found in the promoter regions of the soybean B3 genes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- promoter regione1
- Gene
- B3 genese1
- Outcome
- a variety of plant hormones and stress response cis-elementse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“a variety of plant hormones and stress response cis-elements were discovered in the promoter region of the B3 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Most GmB3 genes could be induced by cold.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“most GmB3 genes could be induced by cold”
Claim · model-written summary
The expression of GmB3 genes was also regulated by melatonin.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- expressione1
Not reportedGeneComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“the expression of which was also regulated by melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
B3 genes responded to cold stress by interacting with other transcription factors.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- B3 genese1
- Outcome
- responded to cold stresse1
- Qualifier
- interacting with other transcription factorse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“B3 genes responded to cold stress in plants by interacting with other transcription factors”
The same questions in other papers
melatonin · physiology: hormones · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →cold · physiology: oxidative · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
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2 papers more in this group
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