Abstract
Drought impacts on food security, land degradation and rates of biodiversity loss. Here, we aimed to investigate selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) influenced plant resilience to drought using the morphological, physiological, and essential oil (EO) quantity and quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies. Treatments included irrigation at 100% field capacity (FC100) as no stress, 80% FC as moderate water stress (FC80) and 60% FC as severe water stress (FC60), together with application of Se NPs at either 0 mg L−1 (control), 50 mg L−1, or 100 mg L−1. The highest (257 g m−2) and lowest (185 g m−2) dry matter yields were achieved in nil-stress and severe-water-stress conditions, respectively. Dry matter yields decreased by 15% and 28% under moderate and severe water stress, respectively. Applying Se NPs enhanced the dry matter yields by 14% and 13% for the 50 and 100 mg L−1 treatments, respectively. The greatest EO content (1.0%) and EO yield (1.9 g m−2) were observed under severe water stress. Applying Se NPs of 50 and 100 mg L−1 enhanced the essential oil content by 33% and 36% and the essential oil yield by 52% and 53%, respectively. We identified 21 constituents in the EO, with primary constituents being methyl chavicol (40%–44%), linalool (38–42%), and 1,8-cineole (5–6%). The greatest methyl chavicol and linalool concentrations were obtained in FC80 with 50 mg L−1 Se NPs. The highest proline (17 µg g−1 fresh weight) and soluble sugar content (6 mg g−1 fresh weight) were obtained under severe water stress (FC60) for the 50 mg L−1 Se NP treatment. Our results demonstrate that low-concentration Se NPs increase plant tolerance and improve the EO quantity and quality of basil under drought stress.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water stress decreased dry matter yield by 15%.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- moderate water stresse1
- Outcome
- dry matter yieldse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 15%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e1“80% FC as moderate water stress (FC80)”
e2“Dry matter yields decreased by 15% and 28% under moderate and severe water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress decreased dry matter yield by 28%.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- severe water stresse2
- Outcome
- dry matter yieldse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 28%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e2“Dry matter yields decreased by 15% and 28% under moderate and severe water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Se NPs enhanced dry matter yield by 14% for the 50 mg L−1 treatment.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- Se NPse3
- Outcome
- dry matter yieldse3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Value
- 14%e3
- Qualifier
- for the 50 and 100 mg L−1 treatmentse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e3“Applying Se NPs enhanced the dry matter yields by 14% and 13% for the 50 and 100 mg L−1 treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Se NPs enhanced dry matter yield by 13% for the 100 mg L−1 treatment.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- Se NPse3
- Outcome
- dry matter yieldse3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Value
- 13%e3
- Qualifier
- for the 50 and 100 mg L−1 treatmentse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e3“Applying Se NPs enhanced the dry matter yields by 14% and 13% for the 50 and 100 mg L−1 treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress gave the greatest essential oil content, 1.0%.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- severe water stresse4
- Outcome
- EO contente4
- Direction
- greateste4
- Value
- 1.0%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e4“The greatest EO content (1.0%) and EO yield (1.9 g m−2) were observed under severe water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress gave the greatest essential oil yield, 1.9 g m−2.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- severe water stresse4
- Outcome
- EO yielde4
- Direction
- greateste4
- Value
- 1.9 g m−2e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e4“The greatest EO content (1.0%) and EO yield (1.9 g m−2) were observed under severe water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Se NPs enhanced essential oil content by 33% at 50 mg L−1.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- Se NPse5
- Outcome
- essential oil contente5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 33%e5
- Qualifier
- of 50 and 100 mg L−1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e5“Applying Se NPs of 50 and 100 mg L−1 enhanced the essential oil content by 33% and 36% and the essential oil yield by 52% and 53%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Se NPs enhanced essential oil content by 36% at 100 mg L−1.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- Se NPse5
- Outcome
- essential oil contente5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 36%e5
- Qualifier
- of 50 and 100 mg L−1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e5“Applying Se NPs of 50 and 100 mg L−1 enhanced the essential oil content by 33% and 36% and the essential oil yield by 52% and 53%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Se NPs enhanced essential oil yield by 52% at 50 mg L−1.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- Se NPse5
- Outcome
- essential oil yielde5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 52%e5
- Qualifier
- of 50 and 100 mg L−1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e5“Applying Se NPs of 50 and 100 mg L−1 enhanced the essential oil content by 33% and 36% and the essential oil yield by 52% and 53%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Se NPs enhanced essential oil yield by 53% at 100 mg L−1.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- Se NPse5
- Outcome
- essential oil yielde5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- 53%e5
- Qualifier
- of 50 and 100 mg L−1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e5“Applying Se NPs of 50 and 100 mg L−1 enhanced the essential oil content by 33% and 36% and the essential oil yield by 52% and 53%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl chavicol was 40%–44% of the essential oil constituents.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- methyl chavicole6
- Value
- 40%–44%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e6“We identified 21 constituents in the EO, with primary constituents being methyl chavicol (40%–44%), linalool (38–42%), and 1,8-cineole (5–6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Linalool was 38–42% of the essential oil constituents.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- linaloole6
- Value
- 38–42%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e6“We identified 21 constituents in the EO, with primary constituents being methyl chavicol (40%–44%), linalool (38–42%), and 1,8-cineole (5–6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
1,8-cineole was 5–6% of the essential oil constituents.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- 1,8-cineolee6
- Value
- 5–6%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e6“We identified 21 constituents in the EO, with primary constituents being methyl chavicol (40%–44%), linalool (38–42%), and 1,8-cineole (5–6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest methyl chavicol and linalool concentrations were obtained in FC80 with 50 mg L−1 Se NPs.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- FC80 with 50 mg L−1 Se NPse7
- Outcome
- methyl chavicol and linalool concentrationse7
- Direction
- greateste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e7“The greatest methyl chavicol and linalool concentrations were obtained in FC80 with 50 mg L−1 Se NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe water stress with 50 mg L−1 Se NPs, proline was highest at 17 µg g−1 fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- severe water stress (FC60)e1
- Outcome
- prolinee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 17 µg g−1 fresh weighte1
- Qualifier
- 50 mg L−1 Se NP treatmente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e1“The highest proline (17 µg g−1 fresh weight) and soluble sugar content (6 mg g−1 fresh weight) were obtained under severe water stress (FC60) for the 50 mg L−1 Se NP treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe water stress with 50 mg L−1 Se NPs, soluble sugar content was highest at 6 mg g−1 fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- severe water stress (FC60)e1
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contente1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 6 mg g−1 fresh weighte1
- Qualifier
- 50 mg L−1 Se NP treatmente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e1“The highest proline (17 µg g−1 fresh weight) and soluble sugar content (6 mg g−1 fresh weight) were obtained under severe water stress (FC60) for the 50 mg L−1 Se NP treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-concentration Se NPs increased plant tolerance under drought stress.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- low-concentration Se NPse1
- Outcome
- plant tolerancee1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e1“Our results demonstrate that low-concentration Se NPs increase plant tolerance and improve the EO quantity and quality of basil under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nil stress gave the highest dry matter yield, 257 g m−2.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- nil-stresse1
- Outcome
- dry matter yieldse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 257 g m−2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e1“The highest (257 g m−2) and lowest (185 g m−2) dry matter yields were achieved in nil-stress and severe-water-stress conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress gave the lowest dry matter yield, 185 g m−2.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- severe-water-stress conditionse1
- Outcome
- dry matter yieldse1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 185 g m−2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e1“The highest (257 g m−2) and lowest (185 g m−2) dry matter yields were achieved in nil-stress and severe-water-stress conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Basil essential oil contained 21 constituents.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- constituentse6
- Value
- 21e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as drought proxies”
e6“We identified 21 constituents in the EO, with primary constituents being methyl chavicol (40%–44%), linalool (38–42%), and 1,8-cineole (5–6%)”
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