Abstract
Cotton is a global cash crop with a significant contribution in the world economy. Optimum nutrient and water supply are most important for sustainable cotton production under warmer and dry environments. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the cumulative impacts of various nitrogen doses and mulches on sustainable cotton production under semi-arid conditions during 2018 and 2019. Four nitrogen doses; 0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha−1 and three types of mulch: control (without mulch), natural mulch (5 tons/ha wheat straw), and chemical mulch (methanol (30%). Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased 40.5% gunning out turn, 30.0% fiber length, 31.7% fiber strength, 32.6% fiber fineness, 20.8% fiber uniformity, and 34.0% fiber elongation. Shoot nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents were maximum where 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen and mulch was applied. Natural mulch reduced the soil temperature as compared to chemical and no mulch conditions. The soil temperature was 0.5 to 1.8 ℃ lower in mulching treatments as compared to the control. Maximum economic yield was around 90% higher in natural mulch with the 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen application. It is concluded that optimum nitrogen application with natural mulch not only enhanced plant growth and development but also induced sustainability in quality cotton production under semi-arid conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased gunning out turn by 40.5%.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulchinge1
- Outcome
- gunning out turne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 40.5%e1
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e1“Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased 40.5% gunning out turn, 30.0% fiber length, 31.7% fiber strength, 32.6% fiber fineness, 20.8% fiber uniformity, and 34.0% fiber elongation”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased fiber length by 30.0%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulchinge1
- Outcome
- fiber lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 30.0%e1
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e1“Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased 40.5% gunning out turn, 30.0% fiber length, 31.7% fiber strength, 32.6% fiber fineness, 20.8% fiber uniformity, and 34.0% fiber elongation”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased fiber strength by 31.7%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulchinge1
- Outcome
- fiber strengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 31.7%e1
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e1“Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased 40.5% gunning out turn, 30.0% fiber length, 31.7% fiber strength, 32.6% fiber fineness, 20.8% fiber uniformity, and 34.0% fiber elongation”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased fiber fineness by 32.6%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulchinge1
- Outcome
- fiber finenesse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 32.6%e1
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e1“Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased 40.5% gunning out turn, 30.0% fiber length, 31.7% fiber strength, 32.6% fiber fineness, 20.8% fiber uniformity, and 34.0% fiber elongation”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased fiber uniformity by 20.8%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulchinge1
- Outcome
- fiber uniformitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 20.8%e1
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e1“Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased 40.5% gunning out turn, 30.0% fiber length, 31.7% fiber strength, 32.6% fiber fineness, 20.8% fiber uniformity, and 34.0% fiber elongation”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased fiber elongation by 34.0%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulchinge1
- Outcome
- fiber elongatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 34.0%e1
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e1“Nitrogen 210 kg ha−1 with natural mulching increased 40.5% gunning out turn, 30.0% fiber length, 31.7% fiber strength, 32.6% fiber fineness, 20.8% fiber uniformity, and 34.0% fiber elongation”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents were maximum where 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen and mulch was applied.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- Shoote3
- Treatment
- 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen and mulche3
- Outcome
- Shoot nitrogen, phosphorous, potassiume3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e3“Shoot nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents were maximum where 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen and mulch was applied”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot calcium and magnesium contents were maximum where 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen and mulch was applied.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- Shoote3
- Treatment
- 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen and mulche3
- Outcome
- calcium, and magnesium contentse3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e3“Shoot nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents were maximum where 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen and mulch was applied”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural mulch reduced soil temperature compared with chemical and no mulch conditions.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Natural mulche4
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- chemical and no mulch conditionse4
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e4“Natural mulch reduced the soil temperature as compared to chemical and no mulch conditions”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil temperature was 0.5 to 1.8 ℃ lower in mulching treatments than in the control.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- mulching treatmentse5
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 0.5 to 1.8 ℃e5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e5“The soil temperature was 0.5 to 1.8 ℃ lower in mulching treatments as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum economic yield was around 90% higher with natural mulch and 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen application.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- natural mulch with the 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen applicatione6
- Outcome
- Maximum economic yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- around 90%e6
- Setting
- Field experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e6“Maximum economic yield was around 90% higher in natural mulch with the 210 kg ha−1 nitrogen application”
e2“Field experiments were carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum nitrogen application with natural mulch enhanced plant growth and development in cotton.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- optimum nitrogen application with natural mulche7
- Outcome
- plant growth and developmente7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton is a global cash crop”
e7“optimum nitrogen application with natural mulch not only enhanced plant growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum nitrogen application with natural mulch induced sustainability in quality cotton production under semi-arid conditions.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Outcome
- sustainability in quality cotton productione7
- Direction
- inducede7
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“optimum nitrogen application with natural mulch not only enhanced plant growth and development but also induced sustainability in quality cotton production under semi-arid conditions”
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