Abstract
Native bacterial populations in crown galls caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens may harbour bacteria of interest for biocontrol of this pathogen. In this study, we explored the density of native bacterial populations in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus) and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo antagonism against A. tumefaciens. Bacteria morphologically similar to A. tumefaciens were isolated from six gall samples and identified by virD2 gene sequencing. Bacterial population density was calculated by direct plate count on nutrient agar and R2A media. The in vitro antagonism efficiency index against A. tumefaciens of the most frequent bacteria was evaluated by dual confrontation on nutrient agar medium, and in vivo by inoculation of 1.5 x 108 UFC mL-1 in the root of tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm) plants under greenhouse conditions. By direct sequencing and biovar characterization, it was identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 1 in raspberry galls. Native bacterial populations in galls have variable density and their diversity is limited. By partial amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, 13 strains were identified with the highest frequency in the genera Pseudomonas (61.5 %), Bacillus (15.3 %), Alcaligenes (15.3 %) and Delftia (7.6 %). Among these, Alcaligenes faecalis showed the highest in vitro antagonism index (p ≤ 0.05) against A. tumefaciens, followed by Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas citronellolis. In vivo inoculation of tomato plants with these antagonists against Agrobacterium tumefaciens did not prevent infection; however, Alcaligenes faecalis significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the severity of plant stem tumours. A. faecalis is the most efficient antagonist in vitro and in vivo against A. tumefaciens.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Native bacterial populations in raspberry crown galls have variable density and limited diversity.
Verbatim
e1“in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus)”
e2“Native bacterial populations in galls have variable density and their diversity is limited”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas had a frequency of 61.5 percent among the isolates from raspberry galls.
- Taxon
- raspberrye1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase3other - Outcome
- highest frequencye3
- Value
- 61.5 %e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus)”
e3“13 strains were identified with the highest frequency in the genera Pseudomonas (61.5 %), Bacillus (15.3 %), Alcaligenes (15.3 %) and Delftia (7.6 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus had a frequency of 15.3 percent among the isolates from raspberry galls.
Verbatim
e1“in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus)”
e3“13 strains were identified with the highest frequency in the genera Pseudomonas (61.5 %), Bacillus (15.3 %), Alcaligenes (15.3 %) and Delftia (7.6 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alcaligenes had a frequency of 15.3 percent among the isolates from raspberry galls.
- Taxon
- raspberrye1
- Interactor
- Alcaligenes
Alcaligenese3other - Outcome
- highest frequencye3
- Value
- 15.3 %e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus)”
e3“13 strains were identified with the highest frequency in the genera Pseudomonas (61.5 %), Bacillus (15.3 %), Alcaligenes (15.3 %) and Delftia (7.6 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Delftia had a frequency of 7.6 percent among the isolates from raspberry galls.
DelftiaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus)”
e3“13 strains were identified with the highest frequency in the genera Pseudomonas (61.5 %), Bacillus (15.3 %), Alcaligenes (15.3 %) and Delftia (7.6 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alcaligenes faecalis had the highest in vitro antagonism index against A. tumefaciens, followed by Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas citronellolis.
- Taxon
- raspberrye1
- Treatment
- Alcaligenes faecalise4
- Interactor
- A. tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciense4pathogen - Second interactor
- Alcaligenes faecalis
Alcaligenes faecalise4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- in vitro antagonism indexe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Comparator
- Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas citronellolise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus)”
e4“Alcaligenes faecalis showed the highest in vitro antagonism index (p ≤ 0.05) against A. tumefaciens, followed by Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas citronellolis”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of tomato plants with these antagonists did not prevent Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume5 - Treatment
- inoculation of tomato plants with these antagonistse5
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciense5pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione5
- Direction
- did not prevente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In vivo inoculation of tomato plants with these antagonists against Agrobacterium tumefaciens did not prevent infection; however, Alcaligenes faecalis significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the severity of plant stem tumours”
Claim · model-written summary
Alcaligenes faecalis significantly reduced the severity of stem tumours on tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- Alcaligenes faecalise5
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciense5pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of plant stem tumourse5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In vivo inoculation of tomato plants with these antagonists against Agrobacterium tumefaciens did not prevent infection; however, Alcaligenes faecalis significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the severity of plant stem tumours”
Claim · model-written summary
Alcaligenes faecalis is the most efficient antagonist of A. tumefaciens in vitro and in vivo.
- Taxon
- RASPBERRYt0
- Interactor
- A. tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciense6pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. faecalisAlcaligenes faecalise6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- most efficient antagoniste6
- Qualifier
- in vitro and in vivoe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“NATIVE BACTERIA IN RASPBERRY CROWN GALL”
e6“A. faecalis is the most efficient antagonist in vitro and in vivo against A. tumefaciens”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates from raspberry galls were identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 1 by direct sequencing and biovar characterization.
- Taxon
- raspberrye7
- Interactor
- A. tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciense7pathogen
- Outcome
- identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus)”
e7“By direct sequencing and biovar characterization, it was identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 1 in raspberry galls”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Agrobacterium tumefaciens · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
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