Abstract
The effects of commercial thyme (Origanum vulgare L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), sesame (Sesame indicum L.) , rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., syn. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck) and mustard (Brassica nigra L.) essential oils (Botalife Natural and Aromatic Products Inc., Türkiye) on disease severity were investigated in simultaneous inoculation of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici (Jarvis & Shoemaker) (FORL) on tomato. Nematicide (Velum®, Fluopyram, Bayer Crop Production Inc., Türkiye) and fungicide (Cebir®, Fludioxonil + Metalaxyl, Hektaş Crop Production Inc., Türkiye) were used as positive controls. The negative control was only plants with nematode and fungus inoculation. The study was set up in a randomized plot design with 5 replications for each essential oil. In simultaneous inoculations, 1000 M. incognita second juvenile larvae/1ml and 3x106 spore/ml FORL were used for each seedling. The essential oil applications were applied to the soil at a dose of 1000 ppm for each pot, one day after the nematode and fungus inoculation. The study was terminated after 60 days, and the evaluation was based on gall, egg mass, and disease severity. Fungal growth and nematode development on roots were found lower in all tested oils applications than in negative control but fungicidal and nematicidal activity varied. Thyme and garlic essential oils had the highest control effect on nematode and fungus with 55.20% in simultaneous inoculation and this effect was higher than only nematicide (38.84%) and only fungicide (33.20%) applications. Sage (38.84%), rosemary (33.28%), and mustard (38.92%) essential oils were found to suppress disease severity higher than sesame (22.16%) and lemon (22.16%). It has been determined that thyme and garlic essential oils are good alternatives to manage root-knot nematode and FORL disease complexes.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
All tested oils reduced fungal growth on tomato roots compared with the negative control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- all tested oils applicationse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporumt0pathogen - Outcome
- Fungal growthe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- negative controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fungal growth and nematode development on roots were found lower in all tested oils applications than in negative control”
t0“Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested oils reduced nematode development on tomato roots compared with the negative control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- all tested oils applicationse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitat0pathogen - Outcome
- nematode development on rootse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- negative controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fungal growth and nematode development on roots were found lower in all tested oils applications than in negative control”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicidal and nematicidal activities varied among tested oils.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fungicidal and nematicidal activity variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicidal and nematicidal activity varied”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Thyme oil had 55.20% control of the nematode and fungus in simultaneous inoculation, exceeding the single pesticides.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- thymee1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersiciFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- control effect on nematode and funguse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 55.20%e0
- Qualifier
- 38.84%e0
- Comparator
- only nematicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thyme and garlic essential oils had the highest control effect on nematode and fungus with 55.20% in simultaneous inoculation and this effect was higher than only nematicide (38.84%) and only fungicide (33.20%) applications”
e1“thyme (Origanum vulgare L.)”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil had 55.20% control of the nematode and fungus in simultaneous inoculation, exceeding the single pesticides.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- garlice1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersiciFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- control effect on nematode and funguse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 55.20%e0
- Qualifier
- 33.20%e0
- Comparator
- only fungicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thyme and garlic essential oils had the highest control effect on nematode and fungus with 55.20% in simultaneous inoculation and this effect was higher than only nematicide (38.84%) and only fungicide (33.20%) applications”
e1“garlic (Allium sativum L.)”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sage oil suppressed disease severity by 38.84%, more than sesame and lemon oil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Sagee0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersiciFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 38.84%e0
- Comparator
- sesamee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sage (38.84%), rosemary (33.28%), and mustard (38.92%) essential oils were found to suppress disease severity higher than sesame (22.16%) and lemon (22.16%)”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil suppressed disease severity by 33.28%, more than sesame and lemon oil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- rosemarye0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersiciFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 33.28%e0
- Comparator
- sesamee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sage (38.84%), rosemary (33.28%), and mustard (38.92%) essential oils were found to suppress disease severity higher than sesame (22.16%) and lemon (22.16%)”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard oil suppressed disease severity by 38.92%, more than sesame and lemon oil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- mustarde0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersiciFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 38.92%e0
- Comparator
- sesamee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sage (38.84%), rosemary (33.28%), and mustard (38.92%) essential oils were found to suppress disease severity higher than sesame (22.16%) and lemon (22.16%)”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame oil suppressed disease severity by 22.16%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- sesamee0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersiciFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- suppresse1
- Value
- 22.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame (22.16%) and lemon (22.16%)”
e1“suppress disease severity higher than sesame (22.16%) and lemon (22.16%)”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Lemon oil suppressed disease severity by 22.16%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lemone0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersiciFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- suppresse1
- Value
- 22.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame (22.16%) and lemon (22.16%)”
e1“suppress disease severity higher than sesame (22.16%) and lemon (22.16%)”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify thyme oil as an alternative for managing the disease complex.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- thymee0
- Outcome
- good alternatives to manage root-knot nematode and FORL disease complexese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thyme and garlic essential oils are good alternatives to manage root-knot nematode and FORL disease complexes”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify garlic oil as an alternative for managing the disease complex.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- garlice0
- Outcome
- good alternatives to manage root-knot nematode and FORL disease complexese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thyme and garlic essential oils are good alternatives to manage root-knot nematode and FORL disease complexes”
t0“tomato”
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See all 7 papers →Allium sativum · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.