Abstract
Seed aging during storage results in loss of vigor and germination ability due to the accumulation of damage by oxidation reactions. Experimental aging tests, for instance to study genetic variation, aim to mimic natural aging in a shorter timeframe. As the oxidation rate is increased by elevating the temperature, moisture, and oxygen levels, this study aimed to (1) investigate the effect of experimental rice seed aging by an elevated partial pressure of oxygen (EPPO), (2) elucidate the mechanism of dry-EPPO aging and (3) compare aging under dry-EPPO conditions to aging under traditional moist-controlled deterioration (CD) conditions and to long-term ambient storage. Dry seeds from 20 diverse rice accessions were experimentally aged under EPPO (200 times higher oxygen levels), at 50% relative humidity (RH), along with storage under high-pressure nitrogen gas and ambient conditions as controls. While no decline in germination was observed with ambient storage, there was significant aging of the rice seeds under EPPO storage, with considerable variation in the aging rate among the accessions, with an average decline toward 50% survival obtained after around 21 days in EPPO storage and total loss of germination after 56 days. Storage under high-pressure nitrogen gas resulted in a small but significant decline, by an average of 5% germination after 56 days. In a second experiment, seven rice seed lots were stored under EPPO as compared to a moist-CD test and two different long-term ambient storage conditions, i.e., conditioned warehouse seed storage (CWSS) and traditional rice seed storage (TRSS). Untargeted metabolomics (with identification of lipid and volatile compounds profiles) showed a relatively high increase in levels of oxidized lipids and related volatiles under all four storage conditions. These compounds had a high negative correlation with seed viability, indicating oxidation as a main deteriorating process during seed aging. Correlation analysis indicated that EPPO storage at 50% RH is more related to aging under TRSS at 60% and CD-aging at 75% ERH rather than CWSS at 40% ERH. In conclusion, aging rice seeds under EPPO conditions is a suitable experimental aging method for analyzing variation among seed lots or genotypes for longevity under storage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Under EPPO storage rice seed survival declined toward 50% after around 21 days, whereas ambient storage showed no germination decline.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- EPPO storagee1
- Outcome
- survivale3
- Direction
- declinee3
- Value
- around 21 dayse3
- Comparator
- ambient storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Experimental rice seed aging under elevated oxygen pressure”
e0“While no decline in germination was observed with ambient storage”
e1“there was significant aging of the rice seeds under EPPO storage”
e3“with an average decline toward 50% survival obtained after around 21 days in EPPO storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Under EPPO storage rice seed germination was totally lost after 56 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- EPPO storagee1
- Outcome
- germinatione4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
- Value
- total losse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Experimental rice seed aging under elevated oxygen pressure”
e1“there was significant aging of the rice seeds under EPPO storage”
e4“total loss of germination after 56 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage under high-pressure nitrogen gas caused a small but significant average germination decline of 5% after 56 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high-pressure nitrogen gase5
- Outcome
- germinatione5
- Direction
- declinee5
- Value
- 5%e5
- Qualifier
- small but significante5
- Comparator
- ambient conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Experimental rice seed aging under elevated oxygen pressure”
e5“Storage under high-pressure nitrogen gas resulted in a small but significant decline, by an average of 5% germination after 56 days”
e6“along with storage under high-pressure nitrogen gas and ambient conditions as controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Untargeted metabolomics showed a relatively high increase in levels of oxidized lipids and related volatiles under all four storage conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- all four storage conditionse7
- Outcome
- levels of oxidized lipids and related volatilese7
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Experimental rice seed aging under elevated oxygen pressure”
e7“Untargeted metabolomics (with identification of lipid and volatile compounds profiles) showed a relatively high increase in levels of oxidized lipids and related volatiles under all four storage conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The oxidized lipids and related volatiles had a high negative correlation with rice seed viability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- oxidized lipids and related volatilese7
- Outcome
- seed viabilitye2
- Direction
- negative correlatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Experimental rice seed aging under elevated oxygen pressure”
e7“showed a relatively high increase in levels of oxidized lipids and related volatiles under all four storage conditions”
e2“These compounds had a high negative correlation with seed viability”
Claim · model-written summary
Correlation analysis indicated that EPPO storage at 50% RH relates more to aging under TRSS at 60% and CD-aging at 75% ERH than to CWSS at 40% ERH.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- EPPO storage at 50% RHe3
- Outcome
- aginge3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Comparator
- CWSS at 40% ERHe3
- Setting
- TRSS at 60%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Experimental rice seed aging under elevated oxygen pressure”
e3“Correlation analysis indicated that EPPO storage at 50% RH is more related to aging under TRSS at 60% and CD-aging at 75% ERH rather than CWSS at 40% ERH”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate of aging varied considerably among the 20 rice accessions under EPPO storage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 20 diverse rice accessionse5
- Outcome
- aging ratee4
- Qualifier
- considerable variatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Experimental rice seed aging under elevated oxygen pressure”
e4“considerable variation in the aging rate among the accessions”
e5“Dry seeds from 20 diverse rice accessions were experimentally aged under EPPO”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination did not decline under ambient storage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ambient storagee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Experimental rice seed aging under elevated oxygen pressure”
e0“While no decline in germination was observed with ambient storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Aging rice seeds under EPPO conditions is a suitable experimental aging method for analyzing variation among seed lots or genotypes for longevity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Outcome
- experimental aging method for analyzing variation among seed lots or genotypese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“aging rice seeds under EPPO conditions is a suitable experimental aging method for analyzing variation among seed lots or genotypes for longevity under storage”
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