Abstract
Planting date and cultivar maturity group (MG) are major management factors affecting soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, but their effect on seed oil and protein concentration, and in particular meal protein concentration, is less understood. We quantified changes in seed oil and protein, and estimated meal protein concentration, and total oil and protein yield in response to planting date and cultivar MG ranging from 3 to 6 and across locations comprising a 8.3° range in latitude in the U.S. Midsouth. Our results show that delayed planting date and later cultivar maturity reduced oil concentration, and this was partially associated with a decrease in temperature during the seed fill phase. Thus, optimum cultivar MG recommendations to maximize total oil yield (in kg ha –1 ) for planting dates in May and June required relatively earlier cultivar MGs than those recommended to maximize seed yield. For planting dates in April, short-season MG 3 cultivars did not increase oil yield compared to full-season MG 4 or 5 cultivars due to a quadratic yield response to planting date at most locations. Planting date and cultivar maturity effects on seed protein concentration were not always consistent with the effects on estimated meal protein concentration after oil extraction. Meal protein concentration decreased with lower temperatures during seed fill, and when the start of seed fill occurred after August 15, but relatively short-season cultivar MGs reduced the risk of low meal protein concentration. Meal protein concentration is a trait of interest for the feed industry that would be beneficial to report in future studies evaluating genetic, management, and environmental effects on seed protein concentration.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed planting reduced soybean seed oil concentration.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- delayed planting datee0
- Outcome
- oil concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delayed planting date and later cultivar maturity reduced oil concentration”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Later cultivar maturity reduced soybean seed oil concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- later cultivar maturitye0
- Outcome
- oil concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delayed planting date and later cultivar maturity reduced oil concentration”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction in oil concentration was partly associated with lower temperature during seed fill.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- decrease in temperaturee0
- Outcome
- oil concentratione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- seed fill phasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this was partially associated with a decrease in temperature during the seed fill phase”
e1“reduced oil concentration”
e2“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
For May and June planting, maximizing total oil yield required earlier maturity groups than maximizing seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- planting dates in May and Junee0
- Outcome
- relatively earlier cultivar MGse0
- Comparator
- those recommended to maximize seed yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimum cultivar MG recommendations to maximize total oil yield (in kg ha –1 ) for planting dates in May and June required relatively earlier cultivar MGs than those recommended to maximize seed yield”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
For April planting, MG 3 cultivars did not increase oil yield over MG 4 or 5 cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- short-season MG 3 cultivarse0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- planting dates in Aprile0
- Comparator
- full-season MG 4 or 5 cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For planting dates in April, short-season MG 3 cultivars did not increase oil yield compared to full-season MG 4 or 5 cultivars”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting date and maturity effects on seed protein concentration did not always track estimated meal protein concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- seed protein concentratione0
- Qualifier
- not always consistent with the effects on estimated meal protein concentration after oil extractione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting date and cultivar maturity effects on seed protein concentration were not always consistent with the effects on estimated meal protein concentration after oil extraction.”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Meal protein concentration decreased with lower temperatures during seed fill.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- seed fille0
- Treatment
- lower temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Meal protein concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meal protein concentration decreased with lower temperatures during seed fill”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Meal protein concentration decreased when seed fill began after August 15.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- seed fille0
- Outcome
- Meal protein concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- after August 15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meal protein concentration decreased with lower temperatures during seed fill, and when the start of seed fill occurred after August 15”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Short season maturity groups reduced the risk of low meal protein concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- relatively short-season cultivar MGse0
- Outcome
- risk of low meal protein concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relatively short-season cultivar MGs reduced the risk of low meal protein concentration”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Future genetic, management and environmental studies should report meal protein concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- Meal protein concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meal protein concentration is a trait of interest for the feed industry that would be beneficial to report in future studies evaluating genetic, management, and environmental effects on seed protein concentration.”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
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