Abstract
To investigate the effect of mineral and organic nitrogen fertilizers on some of the quantitative and qualitative reactions of marigold under normal and drought stress, a study was conducted in a split-plot factorial and based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor included irrigation (normal and water deficit) in the main plot and sub-factor included foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer (control, nitrogen (N), nano-chelate nitrogen (NC) and nitrogen fertilizer+ nano-nitrogen fertilizer (N+NC)) and biofertilizer (control, Azotobacter and Azospirillum) as factorial was placed in sub-plots. Although water deficit stress reduced plant height, flower dry weight, number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and essential oil yield, N + NC foliar application could moderate the adverse effect of water stress on the grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yield. In addition, inoculation of seeds with Azospirillum under water stress conditions could increase the number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weight and essential oil yield compared to the control treatment. NC foliar application and Azotobacter inoculation showed a synergistic effect on the content of proline enzymes and antioxidant activity. Also, simultaneous application of nitrogen + nano-chelate nitrogen foliar application along with seed inoculation with Azospirillum could have a positive effect on increasing flower dry weight, the number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, essential oil yield and proline content.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced marigold plant height and flower dry weight.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- water deficit stresse0
- Outcome
- plant height, flower dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)”
e0“water deficit stress reduced plant height, flower dry weight, number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and essential oil yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced marigold seeds per head and 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- water deficit stresse0
- Outcome
- number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)”
e0“water deficit stress reduced plant height, flower dry weight, number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and essential oil yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced marigold biological yield, grain yield and essential oil yield.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- water deficit stresse0
- Outcome
- biological yield, grain yield and essential oil yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)”
e0“water deficit stress reduced plant height, flower dry weight, number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and essential oil yield”
Claim · model-written summary
N + NC foliar application moderated the adverse effect of water stress on grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yield.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- N + NC foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yielde0
- Direction
- moderatee0
- Qualifier
- water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)”
e0“N + NC foliar application could moderate the adverse effect of water stress on the grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum seed inoculation under water stress increased seeds per head, 1000-grain weight and essential oil yield over control.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of seeds with Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weight and essential oil yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- water stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)”
e0“inoculation of seeds with Azospirillum under water stress conditions could increase the number of seeds per head, 1000-grain weight and essential oil yield compared to the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NC foliar application and Azotobacter inoculation showed a synergistic effect on proline enzyme content and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- NC foliar application and Azotobacter inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Outcome
- content of proline enzymes and antioxidant activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)”
e0“NC foliar application and Azotobacter inoculation showed a synergistic effect on the content of proline enzymes and antioxidant activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen plus nano-chelate nitrogen foliar application and Azospirillum seed inoculation could increase flower dry weight, seeds per head and 1000-seed weight.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- simultaneous application of nitrogen + nano-chelate nitrogen foliar application along with seed inoculation with Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- flower dry weight, the number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)”
e0“simultaneous application of nitrogen + nano-chelate nitrogen foliar application along with seed inoculation with Azospirillum could have a positive effect on increasing flower dry weight, the number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, essential oil yield and proline content”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined nitrogen and Azospirillum treatment could increase biological, grain and essential oil yields.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- simultaneous application of nitrogen + nano-chelate nitrogen foliar application along with seed inoculation with Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- biological yield, grain yield, essential oil yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)”
e0“simultaneous application of nitrogen + nano-chelate nitrogen foliar application along with seed inoculation with Azospirillum could have a positive effect on increasing flower dry weight, the number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, essential oil yield and proline content”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined nitrogen and Azospirillum treatment could increase proline content.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- simultaneous application of nitrogen + nano-chelate nitrogen foliar application along with seed inoculation with Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)”
e0“simultaneous application of nitrogen + nano-chelate nitrogen foliar application along with seed inoculation with Azospirillum could have a positive effect on increasing flower dry weight, the number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield, essential oil yield and proline content”
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