Abstract
Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) an invasive mealybug on cotton is primarily controlled by conventional insecticides. An endoparasitoid Aenasius arizonenesis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a potential biocontrol agent of this pest. We assessed the susceptibility in field populations of P. solenopsis and A. arizonensis to commonly used insecticides: profenofos, imidacloprid and thiodicarb. Reproductive traits of the parasitoid and Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) parameters viz., Reduction coefficient, Descriptive analysis, Risk Index (RI), Selectivity ratio and Hazard quotient were measured to assess the direct and indirect effects of these insecticides on the parasitoid. Probit analysis revealed heterogeneity in the insecticide resistance development for both the cotton mealybug and its parasitoid. The field populations of P. solenopsis exhibited resistance to profenofos (18.87-59.86 folds) and thiodicarb (20.07 folds) and susceptibility to imidacloprid. Development of resistance to profenofos was observed in field populations of A. arizonensis. Exposure to lethal doses of imidacloprid and profenofos caused a reduction in parasitization (19-23%) and adult emergence (62-69%) of the parasitoid. Profenofos, thiodicarb and imidacloprid were found to be hazardous, non-selective and harmful to the endoparasitoid, A. arizonensis. There is an urgent need for optimizing insecticide applications for sustainable management of this invasive mealybug in cotton.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Field populations of P. solenopsis exhibited resistance to profenofos (18.87-59.86 folds).
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- profenofose2
- Interactor
- P. solenopsis
Phenacoccus solenopsise2pest - Outcome
- resistancee2
- Value
- 18.87-59.86 foldse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) an invasive mealybug on cotton”
e2“The field populations of P. solenopsis exhibited resistance to profenofos (18.87-59.86 folds) and thiodicarb (20.07 folds) and susceptibility to imidacloprid”
Claim · model-written summary
Field populations of P. solenopsis exhibited resistance to thiodicarb (20.07 folds).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- thiodicarbe2
- Interactor
- P. solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsise2pest
- Outcome
- resistancee2
- Value
- 20.07 foldse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) an invasive mealybug on cotton”
e2“The field populations of P. solenopsis exhibited resistance to profenofos (18.87-59.86 folds) and thiodicarb (20.07 folds) and susceptibility to imidacloprid”
Claim · model-written summary
Field populations of P. solenopsis were susceptible to imidacloprid.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- imidaclopride2
- Interactor
- P. solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsise2pest
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) an invasive mealybug on cotton”
e2“The field populations of P. solenopsis exhibited resistance to profenofos (18.87-59.86 folds) and thiodicarb (20.07 folds) and susceptibility to imidacloprid”
Claim · model-written summary
Field populations of the parasitoid A. arizonensis developed resistance to profenofos.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- profenofose3
- Interactor
- A. arizonensisAenasius arizonensise3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Development of resistancee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) an invasive mealybug on cotton”
e3“Development of resistance to profenofos was observed in field populations of A. arizonensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to lethal doses of imidacloprid and profenofos reduced parasitization (19-23%) by the parasitoid.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Exposure to lethal doses of imidacloprid and profenofose4
- Interactor
- parasitoide4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitizatione4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 19-23%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) an invasive mealybug on cotton”
e4“Exposure to lethal doses of imidacloprid and profenofos caused a reduction in parasitization (19-23%) and adult emergence (62-69%) of the parasitoid”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to lethal doses of imidacloprid and profenofos reduced adult emergence (62-69%) of the parasitoid.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Exposure to lethal doses of imidacloprid and profenofose4
- Interactor
- parasitoide4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- adult emergencee4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 62-69%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) an invasive mealybug on cotton”
e4“Exposure to lethal doses of imidacloprid and profenofos caused a reduction in parasitization (19-23%) and adult emergence (62-69%) of the parasitoid”
Claim · model-written summary
Profenofos, thiodicarb and imidacloprid were found to be hazardous, non-selective and harmful to the parasitoid A. arizonensis.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Profenofos, thiodicarb and imidaclopride5
- Interactor
- A. arizonensisAenasius arizonensise5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- hazardous, non-selective and harmfule5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) an invasive mealybug on cotton”
e5“Profenofos, thiodicarb and imidacloprid were found to be hazardous, non-selective and harmful to the endoparasitoid, A. arizonensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Probit analysis revealed heterogeneity in insecticide resistance development for both the cotton mealybug and its parasitoid.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- cotton mealybuge6pest
- Second interactor
- parasitoide6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- heterogeneity in the insecticide resistance developmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) an invasive mealybug on cotton”
e6“Probit analysis revealed heterogeneity in the insecticide resistance development for both the cotton mealybug and its parasitoid”
Claim · model-written summary
There is an urgent need for optimizing insecticide applications for sustainable management of the mealybug in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Outcome
- optimizing insecticide applications for sustainable management of this invasive mealybuge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“There is an urgent need for optimizing insecticide applications for sustainable management of this invasive mealybug in cotton”
The same questions in other papers
profenofos · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →imidacloprid · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.