Abstract
Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., represents one of the most damaging diseases of maize affecting plant growth and yield. In this study, the antagonistic potential of a non-aflatoxigenic endophytic Aspergillus flavus YRB2, isolated from Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., was tested against F. solani in vitro. In addition, its biocontrol activity against Fusarium root rot of maize was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Its impacts on plant molecular, pathological, physiological, and growth levels were also studied. Results obtained revealed a potent antagonistic behavior for A. flavus YRB2 against F. solani in vitro, recording 80% growth inhibition. Seventeen secondary metabolites were detected in the n-hexane extract of A. flavus YRB2 filtered culture broth using GC-MS analysis. Among them, various antifungal secondary metabolites were produced, namely palmitic acid, α-linolenic acid, stearic acid, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, diisobutyl phthalate, and heneicosane. In contrast, HPLC analysis showed that no aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) were detected. Under greenhouse conditions, colonization of maize plants with A. flavus YRB2 exhibited a potential biocontrol activity against Fusarium root rot, recording 73.4% reduction in the disease severity. Triggering of transcriptional expression level of the defense-related genes JERF3 (7.2-fold), CHI II (8-fold), and POD (9.1-fold) was reported, indicating the inducing effect on the plant immunity. In addition, an increment in the antioxidant enzymes POD and PPO, and the total phenolic content in maize roots was also observed in response to this treatment. Moreover, a growth-promoting effect was also observed for colonization of maize plants with A. flavus YRB2. Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that A. flavus YRB2 may represent a promising biocontrol and growth-promoting agent for maize plants against Fusarium root rot. Nevertheless, field evaluation is highly requested before the use recommendation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus flavus YRB2 inhibited Fusarium solani growth in vitro by 80%.
- Interactor
- F. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solanie0 - Second interactor
- A. flavus YRB2
Aspergillus flavuse0 - Outcome
- F. solani in vitro, recording 80% growth inhibitione0
- Value
- 80%e0
Zea maysNot reportedInteractor roleSecond interactor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Results obtained revealed a potent antagonistic behavior for A. flavus YRB2 against F. solani in vitro, recording 80% growth inhibition.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolate produced several antifungal secondary metabolites.
- Taxon
- Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl.
Thymelaea hirsutat0 - Outcome
- antifungal secondary metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“various antifungal secondary metabolites were produced, namely palmitic acid, α-linolenic acid, stearic acid, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, diisobutyl phthalate, and heneicosane.”
t0“Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl.”
Claim · model-written summary
No aflatoxins were detected in the isolate.
- Taxon
- Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl.Thymelaea hirsutat0
- Outcome
- aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2)e0
- Direction
- noe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) were detected”
t0“Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization by A. flavus YRB2 reduced maize Fusarium root rot severity by 73.4% in a greenhouse.
- Treatment
- colonization of maize plants with A. flavus YRB2e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 73.4%e0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, colonization of maize plants with A. flavus YRB2 exhibited a potential biocontrol activity against Fusarium root rot, recording 73.4% reduction in the disease severity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization induced JERF3 expression 7.2-fold.
- Treatment
- A. flavus YRB2e1
- Gene
- JERF3e0
- Outcome
- transcriptional expression levele0
- Direction
- Triggeringe0
- Value
- 7.2-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triggering of transcriptional expression level of the defense-related genes JERF3 (7.2-fold), CHI II (8-fold), and POD (9.1-fold) was reported”
t0“Aspergillus flavus YRB2 from Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., a non-aflatoxigenic endophyte with ability to overexpress defense-related genes against Fusarium root rot of maize”
e1“colonization of maize plants with A. flavus YRB2 exhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization induced CHI II expression 8-fold.
- Treatment
- A. flavus YRB2e1
- Gene
- CHI IIe0
- Outcome
- transcriptional expression levele0
- Direction
- Triggeringe0
- Value
- 8-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triggering of transcriptional expression level of the defense-related genes JERF3 (7.2-fold), CHI II (8-fold), and POD (9.1-fold) was reported”
t0“Aspergillus flavus YRB2 from Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., a non-aflatoxigenic endophyte with ability to overexpress defense-related genes against Fusarium root rot of maize”
e1“colonization of maize plants with A. flavus YRB2 exhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization induced POD expression 9.1-fold.
- Treatment
- A. flavus YRB2e1
- Gene
- PODe0
- Outcome
- transcriptional expression levele0
- Direction
- Triggeringe0
- Value
- 9.1-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triggering of transcriptional expression level of the defense-related genes JERF3 (7.2-fold), CHI II (8-fold), and POD (9.1-fold) was reported”
t0“Aspergillus flavus YRB2 from Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., a non-aflatoxigenic endophyte with ability to overexpress defense-related genes against Fusarium root rot of maize”
e1“colonization of maize plants with A. flavus YRB2 exhibited”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization increased POD and PPO enzyme activity and root phenolics.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes POD and PPO, and the total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- incremente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increment in the antioxidant enzymes POD and PPO, and the total phenolic content in maize roots was also observed in response to this treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization promoted maize growth.
- Treatment
- colonization of maize plants with A. flavus YRB2e0
- Outcome
- growth-promoting effecte0
- Direction
- growth-promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a growth-promoting effect was also observed for colonization of maize plants with A. flavus YRB2.”
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