Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at El-Bustan region (EL-Behaira Governorate) in 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 seasons to evaluate three new wheat genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) namely; Gemmeiza 5,Sakha 93 and Giza 168 compared to the two commercial cultivars Sakha 69 and Sids 1 in the sandy soils at three different nitrogen rates (72, 144 and 216 kg N/ha) with four sprinkler irrigation treatments viz., irrigation at 7-day intervals throughout the growing season + increasing the intervals from 7 to 14 days only at either of the three stages of crop growth i.e., from planting to booting, from booting to milk stage and from milk stage to maturity. Obtained results indicated that irrigation every seven days through the season resulted in the highest grain yield from all tested genotypes. Elongating the interval of irrigation from 7 to 14 days at any of the three growth stages resulted in significant reductions estimated by 19.6, 13.4 and 9.8%, respectively, indicating that the first stage from planting to booting was the most sensitive period for water stress. Yield components; number of spikes/m², number of kernels/spike and 1000-kernel weight were also depressed by elongating the irrigation intervals with reductions being more at the first stage. Grain yield and yield components of the different genotypes were significantly increased with each successive level of nitrogen application. In addition, differences in grain yield among the tested genotypes were significant. Gemmeiza 5 gave the highest grain yield (5.81 t/ha) but was not significantly different from that produced by Sakha 93. Giza 168 and Sids1 were next to follow whereas, Sakha 69 gave the lowest grain yield (4.61 t/ha).The interactions between the different treatments were significant and the highest yields were produced from cultivars Gemmeiza 5 and Sids 1 irrigated every 7 days throughout the season and fertilized with 216 kgN/ha. In addition, substantial difference among the genotypes in their response to increasing N fertilizer level was observed. Grain yield response index (GYRI) was highest for cultivar Gemmeiza 5 and lowest for Sakha69. Furthermore, GYRI and water-use efficiency(WUE) were highest when the shortest irrigation interval of 7 days was followed at both the first and the second growth stages and were declined with elongating the intervals at either one of them, particularly in the first stage. Likewise, WUE significantly increased with increasing N application. Moreover, significant genotypic variation for WUE was obtained and the highest values were achieved from the high-yielding genotypes. In conclusion, the new cultivars; Gemmeiza 5 followed by Sakha 93 and Giza168 along with the commercial cultivar Sids 1 are highly recommended to be grown in the sandy soil of new reclaimed area of El-Bustan region (El-Behaira Governorate) and for maximum yield, irrigation should be practiced every 7 days and N fertilizer should be applied at a rate of 216 kgN/ha.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day irrigation throughout the season gave the highest grain yield across genotypes.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- irrigation every seven days through the seasone0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation every seven days through the season resulted in the highest grain yield from all tested genotypes”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation from seven to fourteen days during planting to booting reduced grain yield by 19.6%.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- planting to bootinge1
- Treatment
- Elongating the interval of irrigation from 7 to 14 dayse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 19.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elongating the interval of irrigation from 7 to 14 days at any of the three growth stages resulted in significant reductions estimated by 19.6, 13.4 and 9.8%, respectively”
e1“from planting to booting, from booting to milk stage and from milk stage to maturity”
e2“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
e3“irrigation every seven days through the season resulted in the highest grain yield from all tested genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation during booting to milk stage reduced grain yield by 13.4%.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- booting to milk stagee1
- Treatment
- Elongating the interval of irrigation from 7 to 14 dayse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 13.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elongating the interval of irrigation from 7 to 14 days at any of the three growth stages resulted in significant reductions estimated by 19.6, 13.4 and 9.8%, respectively”
e1“from planting to booting, from booting to milk stage and from milk stage to maturity”
e2“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
e3“irrigation every seven days through the season resulted in the highest grain yield from all tested genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation during milk stage to maturity reduced grain yield by 9.8%.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- milk stage to maturitye1
- Treatment
- Elongating the interval of irrigation from 7 to 14 dayse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 9.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elongating the interval of irrigation from 7 to 14 days at any of the three growth stages resulted in significant reductions estimated by 19.6, 13.4 and 9.8%, respectively”
e1“from planting to booting, from booting to milk stage and from milk stage to maturity”
e2“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
e3“irrigation every seven days through the season resulted in the highest grain yield from all tested genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer irrigation intervals depressed spikes per area, kernels per spike and thousand-kernel weight, especially early in growth.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- elongating the irrigation intervalse0
- Outcome
- number of spikes/m², number of kernels/spike and 1000-kernel weighte0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Qualifier
- reductions being more at the first stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of spikes/m², number of kernels/spike and 1000-kernel weight were also depressed by elongating the irrigation intervals with reductions being more at the first stage”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Each successive nitrogen level significantly increased grain yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- each successive level of nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- Grain yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield and yield components of the different genotypes were significantly increased with each successive level of nitrogen application”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield differed significantly among genotypes.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- the tested genotypese0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences in grain yield among the tested genotypes were significant”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gemmeiza 5 had the highest grain yield at 5.81 t/ha, statistically indistinguishable from Sakha 93.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Gemmeiza 5e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.81 t/hae0
- Comparator
- Sakha 93e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gemmeiza 5 gave the highest grain yield (5.81 t/ha) but was not significantly different from that produced by Sakha 93”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sakha 69 had the lowest grain yield at 4.61 t/ha.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Sakha 69e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 4.61 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sakha 69 gave the lowest grain yield (4.61 t/ha)”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment interactions were significant.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- different treatmentse0
- Outcome
- interactionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interactions between the different treatments were significant”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest yields occurred for Gemmeiza 5 and Sids 1 with seven-day irrigation and 216 kgN/ha fertilizer.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Gemmeiza 5 and Sids 1e0
- Treatment
- irrigated every 7 days throughout the season and fertilized with 216 kgN/hae0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest yields were produced from cultivars Gemmeiza 5 and Sids 1 irrigated every 7 days throughout the season and fertilized with 216 kgN/ha”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypes differed substantially in response to increasing nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- the genotypese0
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilizer levele0
- Outcome
- responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“substantial difference among the genotypes in their response to increasing N fertilizer level was observed”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield response index was highest for Gemmeiza 5 and lowest for Sakha69.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Gemmeiza 5e0
- Outcome
- Grain yield response index (GYRI)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Sakha69e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield response index (GYRI) was highest for cultivar Gemmeiza 5 and lowest for Sakha69”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield response index and water-use efficiency were highest with seven-day irrigation at the first two stages and declined with longer intervals.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- shortest irrigation interval of 7 dayse0
- Outcome
- GYRI and water-use efficiency(WUE)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- elongating the intervalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GYRI and water-use efficiency(WUE) were highest when the shortest irrigation interval of 7 days was followed at both the first and the second growth stages and were declined with elongating the intervals at either one of them”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen significantly increased water-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- increasing N applicatione0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WUE significantly increased with increasing N application”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-use efficiency varied significantly among genotypes and was highest in high-yielding genotypes.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- high-yielding genotypese0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant genotypic variation for WUE was obtained and the highest values were achieved from the high-yielding genotypes”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Gemmeiza 5, Sakha 93, Giza168 and Sids 1 for reclaimed sandy soil in El-Bustan.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Gemmeiza 5 followed by Sakha 93 and Giza168 along with the commercial cultivar Sids 1e0
- Outcome
- recommended to be grown in the sandy soil of new reclaimed areae0
- Setting
- El-Bustan region (El-Behaira Governorate)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gemmeiza 5 followed by Sakha 93 and Giza168 along with the commercial cultivar Sids 1 are highly recommended to be grown in the sandy soil of new reclaimed area of El-Bustan region (El-Behaira Governorate)”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
For maximum yield, the authors recommend seven-day irrigation.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- irrigation should be practiced every 7 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for maximum yield, irrigation should be practiced every 7 days”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
For maximum yield, the authors recommend nitrogen at 216 kgN/ha.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- N fertilizer should be applied at a rate of 216 kgN/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer should be applied at a rate of 216 kgN/ha”
e1“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)”
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