Abstract
Two pot experiments were simultaneously conducted during the early summer seasons of 1997 and 1998. The first experiment studied the effect of four initial population (Pi) densities of Meloidogyne incognita (0, 4 ´ 103, 10 ´ 103 and 20 ´ 103 nematode eggs/pot) on growth and yield of susceptible (Castlerock) and resistant (F1 hybrid Heinz 2710) tomato cultivars. The susceptible cv. was greatly suppressed by M. incognita in most growth and yield parameters, viz., stem length, number of leaves, leaf fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, chlorophyll and N, P, K content of leaves, fruit yield per plant and average fruit weight. Meanwhile, the resistant cv. was slightly affected. On the other hand, titratable acidity and vitamin C and T.S.S. content of fruits were higher in the susceptible cv. Final nematode population (Pf), root gall index and reproduction factor (Rf) were significantly higher in the susceptible cv. as compared with the resistant one. A negative relationship was found between Pi and most vegetative growth parameters, where gradual decreases were observed with the increase in Pi. However, a positive relationship was found between root fresh weight and Pi. Fruit yield per plant decreased with the increase in Pi. Average fruit weight significantly decreased at Pi 20 ´ 103 as compared with the control. Fruit acidity and vitamin C content decreased at most Pi levels. Pf increased with the increase in Pi level. Root gall index ranged from 0.0 in the control to 5.0 in the various inoculum levels used. Rf increased with the increase in Pi up to 10 ´ 103. The interaction between tomato cultivar and Pi had a significant effect on leaf fresh weight, leaf chlorophyll content and fruit yield per plant, where the 0.0 level with the resistant cv. had the highest records. However, this treatment had the lowest root fresh weight. The lowest Pf was obtained when the 4 ´ 103 level was used with the resistant cv. Root gall index was only slightly affected by the Pi level in the resistant cv., but was greatly affected in the susceptible one. The lowest Rf was obtained when the 20´ 103 level was used with the resistant cv. The second experiment studied the efficacy of four organic manures (rabbit, pigeon, cow and poultry) in controlling M. incognita in tomato. All organic manures improved most plant growth and yield parameters, i.e., stem length, number of leaves, leaf fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, leaf chlorophyll and N, P, K content, fruit yield per plant, average fruit weight, and fruit acidity and vitamin C and T.S.S content. Applying pigeon and poultry manure increased these parameters more than rabbit or cow manures. All organic manures suppressed Pf, root gall index and Rf. However, pigeon and poultry manures caused more suppression in root gall index and Rf and pronounced increase in nematode reduction % as compared with cow and rabbit manures.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita greatly suppressed most growth and yield parameters in susceptible Castlerock tomato.
- Taxon
- TOMATO
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- M. incognitae0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The susceptible cv. was greatly suppressed by M. incognita in most growth and yield parameters, viz., stem length, number of leaves, leaf fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, chlorophyll and N, P, K content of leaves, fruit yield per plant and average fruit weight”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant tomato was only slightly affected by M. incognita.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Meloidogyne incognitat0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Outcome
- GROWTH AND YIELDt0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, the resistant cv. was slightly affected.”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptible tomato had higher fruit acidity, vitamin C and soluble solids.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- titratable acidity and vitamin C and T.S.S. content of fruitse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“titratable acidity and vitamin C and T.S.S. content of fruits were higher in the susceptible cv.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Final nematode population, root gall index and reproduction factor were significantly higher in susceptible than resistant tomato.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Final nematode population (Pf), root gall index and reproduction factor (Rf)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- resistant onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Final nematode population (Pf), root gall index and reproduction factor (Rf) were significantly higher in the susceptible cv. as compared with the resistant one.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative growth decreased as initial nematode density increased.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pie0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Outcome
- vegetative growth parameterse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A negative relationship was found between Pi and most vegetative growth parameters, where gradual decreases were observed with the increase in Pi.”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Root fresh weight increased with initial nematode density.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pie0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a positive relationship was found between root fresh weight and Pi.”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit yield per plant decreased with increasing initial nematode density.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pie0
- Outcome
- Fruit yield per plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield per plant decreased with the increase in Pi.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Average fruit weight decreased significantly at the highest stated initial density versus control.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pi 20 ´ 103e0
- Outcome
- Average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average fruit weight significantly decreased at Pi 20 ´ 103 as compared with the control.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit acidity and vitamin C content decreased at most nematode densities.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pi levelse0
- Outcome
- Fruit acidity and vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit acidity and vitamin C content decreased at most Pi levels.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Final nematode population increased with initial density.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pi levele0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Outcome
- Pfe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pf increased with the increase in Pi level.”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Root gall index ranged from 0.0 in controls to 5.0 with inoculum.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Root gall indexe0
- Value
- 5.0e0
- Qualifier
- 0.0 in the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root gall index ranged from 0.0 in the control to 5.0 in the various inoculum levels used.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproduction factor increased with initial density up to 10 ´ 103.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pie0
- Outcome
- Rfe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- up to 10 ´ 103e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rf increased with the increase in Pi up to 10 ´ 103.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar and initial density interacted significantly for leaf fresh weight, chlorophyll and fruit yield, with resistant plants at zero density highest.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- resistant cv.e0
- Treatment
- Pie0
- Outcome
- leaf fresh weight, leaf chlorophyll content and fruit yield per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction between tomato cultivar and Pi had a significant effect on leaf fresh weight, leaf chlorophyll content and fruit yield per plant, where the 0.0 level with the resistant cv. had the highest records.”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant plants at zero initial density had the lowest root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- the 0.0 level with the resistant cv.e1
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, this treatment had the lowest root fresh weight.”
e1“the 0.0 level with the resistant cv. had the highest records.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest final nematode population occurred at 4 ´ 103 with resistant tomato.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 4 ´ 103 levele0
- Outcome
- Pfe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest Pf was obtained when the 4 ´ 103 level was used with the resistant cv.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Root gall index responded little to initial density in resistant tomato but strongly in susceptible tomato.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pi levele0
- Outcome
- Root gall indexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root gall index was only slightly affected by the Pi level in the resistant cv., but was greatly affected in the susceptible one.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest nematode reproduction factor occurred at 20´ 103 in resistant tomato.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 20´ 103 levele0
- Outcome
- Rfe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest Rf was obtained when the 20´ 103 level was used with the resistant cv.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
All organic manures improved tomato growth, yield and fruit quality parameters.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- organic manurese0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All organic manures improved most plant growth and yield parameters, i.e., stem length, number of leaves, leaf fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, leaf chlorophyll and N, P, K content, fruit yield per plant, average fruit weight, and fruit acidity and vitamin C and T.S.S content.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeon and poultry manures improved growth and yield more than rabbit and cow manures.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pigeon and poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- rabbit or cow manurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying pigeon and poultry manure increased these parameters more than rabbit or cow manures.”
t0“TOMATO CULTIVARS”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures suppressed nematode population, root galling and reproduction; pigeon and poultry were stronger for galling and reproduction than cow and rabbit.
- Taxon
- TOMATOSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- organic manurese0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Outcome
- Pf, root gall index and Rfe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- cow and rabbit manurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All organic manures suppressed Pf, root gall index and Rf. However, pigeon and poultry manures caused more suppression in root gall index and Rf and pronounced increase in nematode reduction % as compared with cow and rabbit manures.”
t0“Meloidogyne incognita ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TOMATO CULTIVARS”
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