Abstract
By decreasing root 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content and plant ethylene production, the microbial enzyme ACC deaminase is a widespread beneficial trait of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), ameliorating ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition. However, relatively little is known about whether bacterial ACC deaminase modulates root architecture and root hair traits. Thus the dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom was inoculated in vitro with Pseudomonas brassicacearum Am3, its ACC deaminase deficient mutant T8-1, a known PGPR strain Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2 or chemically treated with agents that promoted or inhibited ethylene production or sensitivity (Ag+, Co2+, and ACC). ACC treatment reduced both root elongation and the number of lateral roots, while ethylene inhibitors (Ag+, Co2+) and V. paradoxus 5C-2 promoted primary root elongation, but differentially affected lateral root length and number. Ag+ stimulated lateral root development, while Co2+ and V. paradoxus 5C-2 did not. Inoculation with P. brassicacearum Am3 and T8-1 inhibited elongation of the primary and lateral roots at a high inoculum concentration (106 cells cm3). All bacterial strains significantly increased the length and number of root hairs, with these effects more pronounced in P. brassicacearum Am3 than in the mutant T8-1. Treatment with Ag+ inhibited root hair formation and elongation, while Co2+ had the opposite effects. ACC treatment had no effect on root hair elongation but increased root hair density. While root growth inhibition caused by P. brassicacearum Am3 was independent of ACC deaminase, the promotion of root hair elongation and density by this strain was augmented by ACC deaminase activity. Thus ACC deaminase can modulate the morphological impacts of bacteria on root hair response by affecting plant ethylene content.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment reduced root elongation and the number of lateral roots in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Material
- Micro-Tome1
- Treatment
- ACC treatmente2
- Outcome
- root elongation and the number of lateral rootse2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e2“ACC treatment reduced both root elongation and the number of lateral roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag+ promoted primary root elongation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Ag+e3
- Outcome
- primary root elongatione3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e3“ethylene inhibitors (Ag+, Co2+) and V. paradoxus 5C-2 promoted primary root elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Co2+ promoted primary root elongation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Co2+e3
- Outcome
- primary root elongatione3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e3“ethylene inhibitors (Ag+, Co2+) and V. paradoxus 5C-2 promoted primary root elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with V. paradoxus 5C-2 promoted primary root elongation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- V. paradoxus 5C-2e3
- Interactor
- V. paradoxus 5C-2Variovorax paradoxuse3symbiont
- Outcome
- primary root elongatione3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e3“ethylene inhibitors (Ag+, Co2+) and V. paradoxus 5C-2 promoted primary root elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag+ stimulated lateral root development in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Ag+e4
- Outcome
- lateral root developmente4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e4“Ag+ stimulated lateral root development, while Co2+ and V. paradoxus 5C-2 did not”
Claim · model-written summary
Co2+ did not stimulate lateral root development in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Co2+e4
- Outcome
- lateral root developmente4
- Direction
- did note4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e4“Ag+ stimulated lateral root development, while Co2+ and V. paradoxus 5C-2 did not”
Claim · model-written summary
V. paradoxus 5C-2 did not stimulate lateral root development in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- V. paradoxus 5C-2e4
- Interactor
- V. paradoxus 5C-2Variovorax paradoxuse4symbiont
- Outcome
- lateral root developmente4
- Direction
- did note4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e4“Ag+ stimulated lateral root development, while Co2+ and V. paradoxus 5C-2 did not”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with P. brassicacearum Am3 at a high inoculum concentration inhibited elongation of primary and lateral roots in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Inoculation with P. brassicacearum Am3e5
- Interactor
- P. brassicacearum Am3Pseudomonas brassicacearume5symbiont
- Outcome
- elongation of the primary and lateral rootse5
- Direction
- inhibitede5
- Qualifier
- at a high inoculum concentration (106 cells cm3)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e5“Inoculation with P. brassicacearum Am3 and T8-1 inhibited elongation of the primary and lateral roots at a high inoculum concentration (106 cells cm3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with the ACC deaminase-deficient mutant T8-1 at a high inoculum concentration inhibited elongation of primary and lateral roots in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Inoculation with P. brassicacearum Am3 and T8-1e5
- Interactor
- T8-1e5symbiont
- Outcome
- elongation of the primary and lateral rootse5
- Direction
- inhibitede5
- Qualifier
- at a high inoculum concentration (106 cells cm3)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e5“Inoculation with P. brassicacearum Am3 and T8-1 inhibited elongation of the primary and lateral roots at a high inoculum concentration (106 cells cm3)”
Claim · model-written summary
All bacterial strains significantly increased the length and number of root hairs in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- bacterial strainse6
- Outcome
- length and number of root hairse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e6“All bacterial strains significantly increased the length and number of root hairs”
Claim · model-written summary
Root hair length and number responded more strongly to P. brassicacearum Am3 than to the mutant T8-1 in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- P. brassicacearum Am3e7
- Interactor
- P. brassicacearum Am3Pseudomonas brassicacearume7symbiont
- Outcome
- length and number of root hairse6
- Direction
- more pronouncede7
- Comparator
- mutant T8-1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e6“All bacterial strains significantly increased the length and number of root hairs”
e7“these effects more pronounced in P. brassicacearum Am3 than in the mutant T8-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Ag+ inhibited root hair formation and elongation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Ag+e7
- Outcome
- root hair formation and elongatione7
- Direction
- inhibitede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e7“Treatment with Ag+ inhibited root hair formation and elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Co2+ had the opposite effect on root hair formation and elongation in tomato compared with Ag+.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Co2+e2
- Outcome
- root hair formation and elongatione2
- Direction
- opposite effectse2
- Comparator
- Ag+e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e2“Treatment with Ag+ inhibited root hair formation and elongation, while Co2+ had the opposite effects”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment had no effect on root hair elongation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- ACC treatmente2
- Outcome
- root hair elongatione2
- Direction
- no effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e2“ACC treatment had no effect on root hair elongation but increased root hair density”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment increased root hair density in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- ACC treatmente2
- Outcome
- root hair densitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e2“ACC treatment had no effect on root hair elongation but increased root hair density”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth inhibition caused by P. brassicacearum Am3 was independent of ACC deaminase in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- P. brassicacearum Am3e2
- Interactor
- P. brassicacearum Am3Pseudomonas brassicacearume2symbiont
- Outcome
- root growth inhibitione2
- Direction
- independente2
- Qualifier
- independent of ACC deaminasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e2“While root growth inhibition caused by P. brassicacearum Am3 was independent of ACC deaminase”
Claim · model-written summary
The promotion of root hair elongation and density by P. brassicacearum Am3 was augmented by ACC deaminase activity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- ACC deaminase activitye3
- Outcome
- root hair elongation and densitye3
- Direction
- augmentede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e3“the promotion of root hair elongation and density by this strain was augmented by ACC deaminase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC deaminase can modulate the morphological impacts of bacteria on tomato root hair response by affecting plant ethylene content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- ethylenee2
- Outcome
- morphological impacts of bacteria on root hair responsee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“dwarf tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom”
e2“Thus ACC deaminase can modulate the morphological impacts of bacteria on root hair response by affecting plant ethylene content”
The same questions in other papers
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Pseudomonas brassicacearum · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
co2 · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 59 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
71 papers more in this group
See all 75 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.