Abstract
Tomato plants were grown in solution culture in a controlled environment at 20 °C with a 12 h photoperiod of 400 μmol quanta m−2 s−1PAR with either normal ambient CO2, approximately 340 vpm, or with 1000 vpm CO2. The short- and long-term effects of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis were determined together with the levels of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPco) E.C. 4.1.1.39 protein and activity throughout leaf development of the unshaded 5th leaf above the cotyledons. The high CO2 concentration during growth did not appreciably affect the rate of leaf expansion or final leaf area but did increase the fresh weight per unit area of leaf. With short-term CO2 enrichment, i.e. only during the photosynthesis measurements, the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) of young leaves did not increase while those reaching full expansion more than doubled their net rate of CO2 fixation. However, with longer term CO2 enrichment, i.e. growing the crop in high CO2, the plants did not maintain this photosynthetic gain. While the CO2 concentration during growth did not affect the peak in Pmax measured in 300 vpm CO2 or Pmax in 1000 vpm CO2, RuBPco protein or its activity, the subsequent ontogenetic decline in these parameters was greatly accelerated by the high CO2 treatment. Compared with plants grown in normal ambient CO2 the high CO2 grown leaves, when almost fully expanded, contained only approximately half as much RuBPco protein and Pmax in 300 vpm CO2 and Pmaxin 1000 vpm CO2 were similarly reduced. The loss of RuBPco protein may be a major factor associated with the accelerated fall in Pmax since it was close to that predicted from the amount and kinetics of RuBPco assuming RuBP saturation. In the oldest leaves examined grown in high CO2 additional factors may be limiting photosynthesis since RuBPco kinetics marginally overestimated Pmax in 300 vpm CO2 and the initial slope of photosynthesis in response to intercellular CO2 was also less than expected from the extractable RuBPco.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
High growth CO2 did not appreciably affect tomato leaf expansion or final leaf area.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- high CO2 concentration during growthe0
- Outcome
- rate of leaf expansion or final leaf areae0
- Direction
- did not appreciably affecte0
- Comparator
- normal ambient CO2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high CO2 concentration during growth did not appreciably affect the rate of leaf expansion or final leaf area”
e1“Compared with plants grown in normal ambient CO2”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High growth CO2 increased fresh weight per unit leaf area.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high CO2t1
- Outcome
- fresh weight per unit area of leafe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- normal ambient CO2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did increase the fresh weight per unit area of leaf”
e1“Compared with plants grown in normal ambient CO2”
t0“Tomato Plants Growing in High CO2, Photosynthesis and Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Protein”
t1“Tomato Plants Growing in High CO2, Photosynthesis and Ribulose-1, 5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term CO2 enrichment did not increase Pmax in young leaves.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Treatment
- short-term CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax)e0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With short-term CO2 enrichment, i.e. only during the photosynthesis measurements, the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) of young leaves did not increase”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term CO2 enrichment more than doubled net CO2 fixation in fully expanding leaves.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- full expansione0
- Treatment
- short-term CO2 enrichmente1
- Outcome
- net rate of CO2 fixatione0
- Direction
- more than doublede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those reaching full expansion more than doubled their net rate of CO2 fixation”
e1“With short-term CO2 enrichment”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term high CO2 growth did not maintain the initial photosynthetic gain.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- longer term CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic gaine0
- Direction
- did not maintaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with longer term CO2 enrichment, i.e. growing the crop in high CO2, the plants did not maintain this photosynthetic gain”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth CO2 did not affect peak Pmax measured at 300 or 1000 vpm CO2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CO2 concentration during growthe0
- Outcome
- peak in Pmax measured in 300 vpm CO2 or Pmax in 1000 vpm CO2e0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the CO2 concentration during growth did not affect the peak in Pmax measured in 300 vpm CO2 or Pmax in 1000 vpm CO2”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth CO2 did not affect peak RuBPco protein or activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CO2 concentration during growthe0
- Gene
- RuBPcoe0
- Outcome
- RuBPco protein or its activitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the CO2 concentration during growth did not affect the peak in Pmax measured in 300 vpm CO2 or Pmax in 1000 vpm CO2, RuBPco protein or its activity”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 greatly accelerated the subsequent developmental decline in Pmax and RuBPco.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high CO2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- ontogenetic decline in these parameterse0
- Direction
- greatly acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the subsequent ontogenetic decline in these parameters was greatly accelerated by the high CO2 treatment”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly fully expanded high CO2 leaves contained approximately half the RuBPco protein of ambient CO2 leaves.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- high CO2e0
- Outcome
- RuBPco proteine0
- Direction
- half as muche0
- Value
- approximately halfe0
- Comparator
- normal ambient CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with plants grown in normal ambient CO2 the high CO2 grown leaves, when almost fully expanded, contained only approximately half as much RuBPco protein”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pmax at 300 and 1000 vpm CO2 was similarly reduced in nearly expanded high CO2 leaves.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high CO2t1
- Outcome
- Pmax in 300 vpm CO2 and Pmaxin 1000 vpm CO2e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pmax in 300 vpm CO2 and Pmaxin 1000 vpm CO2 were similarly reduced”
t0“Tomato Plants Growing in High CO2”
t1“Tomato Plants Growing in High CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
RuBPco loss may be associated with the accelerated fall in Pmax.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- RuBPcoe0
- Outcome
- accelerated fall in Pmaxe0
- Direction
- falle0
- Qualifier
- may be a major factor associatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The loss of RuBPco protein may be a major factor associated with the accelerated fall in Pmax”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In oldest high CO2 leaves, RuBPco kinetics marginally overestimated Pmax at 300 vpm CO2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- oldest leavese0
- Gene
- RuBPcoe0
- Outcome
- RuBPco kinetics marginally overestimated Pmax in 300 vpm CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the oldest leaves examined grown in high CO2 additional factors may be limiting photosynthesis since RuBPco kinetics marginally overestimated Pmax in 300 vpm CO2”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In oldest high CO2 leaves, the initial photosynthesis response slope to intercellular CO2 was less than expected from extractable RuBPco.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- RuBPcoe0
- Outcome
- initial slope of photosynthesis in response to intercellular CO2e0
- Direction
- less than expectede0
- Comparator
- extractable RuBPcoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the initial slope of photosynthesis in response to intercellular CO2 was also less than expected from the extractable RuBPco”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Tomato”
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