Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume crop worldwide. Endophytic fungi have proven effective as biocontrol agents in several crops, but they can be affected by pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of synthetic pesticides on the conidial germination and endophytic activity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in P. vulgaris. Three fungicides (Mancozeb, Tebuconazole and Zinc Ethylene-bis), three insecticides (Abamectin, Diazinon and Spirotetramat) and one herbicide (Glufosinate) were evaluated. Each pesticide was applied at the application rate recommended by the manufacturer and also using one-half of the application rate on the commercial strains B. bassiana Bb-18 and M. anisopliae Ma-30. Tebuconazole, Mancozeb and Glufosinate totally inhibited conidial germination. Spirotetramat and Diazinon resulted in a less pronounced negative effect on B. bassiana and M. anisopliae germination. However, Spirotetramat has the lowest impact on the entomopathogenic fungi, allowing for 86 and 74% germination of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively. Tebuconazole and Mancozeb affected the endophytic activity of the entomopathogenic fungi studied. At one-half of the recommended concentration, Spirotetramat and Zinc Ethylene-bis allowed for the total colonization of B. bassiana in roots of common bean, whereas M. anisopliae reached a colonization of 75%. These results indicate that Spirotetramat, Zinc Ethylene-bis and Diazinon can be used in combination with B. bassiana Ba-18 and M. anisopliae Ma-30. However, Tebuconazole, Mancozeb and Glufosinate should not be combined with these entomopathogenic fungi in Integrated Pest Management programs.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole, Mancozeb and Glufosinate fully inhibited fungal conidial germination.
- Taxon
- Common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Tebuconazole, Mancozeb and Glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- conidial germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tebuconazole, Mancozeb and Glufosinate totally inhibited conidial germination.”
t0“Common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Spirotetramat and Diazinon had less pronounced negative effects on both fungi’s germination.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Spirotetramat and Diazinone0
- Interactor
- B. bassiana
Beauveria bassianae0symbiont - Outcome
- B. bassiana and M. anisopliae germinatione0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spirotetramat and Diazinon resulted in a less pronounced negative effect on B. bassiana and M. anisopliae germination.”
t0“Common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Spirotetramat allowed 86% germination of B. bassiana.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Spirotetramate0
- Interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0symbiont
- Outcome
- germination of B. bassianae0
- Direction
- lowest impacte0
- Value
- 86e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spirotetramat has the lowest impact on the entomopathogenic fungi, allowing for 86 and 74% germination of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively.”
t0“Common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Spirotetramat allowed 74% germination of M. anisopliae.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Spirotetramate0
- Interactor
- M. anisopliae
Metarhizium anisopliaee0symbiont - Outcome
- germination of B. bassiana and M. anisopliaee0
- Direction
- lowest impacte0
- Value
- 74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spirotetramat has the lowest impact on the entomopathogenic fungi, allowing for 86 and 74% germination of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively.”
t0“Common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole and Mancozeb affected fungal endophytic activity.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Tebuconazole and Mancozebe0
- Outcome
- endophytic activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tebuconazole and Mancozeb affected the endophytic activity of the entomopathogenic fungi studied.”
t0“Common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Half rate Spirotetramat and Zinc Ethylene-bis allowed complete B. bassiana root colonization.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Spirotetramat and Zinc Ethylene-bise0
- Interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0symbiont
- Outcome
- total colonization of B. bassiana in roots of common beane0
- Direction
- totale0
- Qualifier
- one-half of the recommended concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At one-half of the recommended concentration, Spirotetramat and Zinc Ethylene-bis allowed for the total colonization of B. bassiana in roots of common bean, whereas M. anisopliae reached a colonization of 75%.”
Claim · model-written summary
M. anisopliae colonization reached 75% at half rate.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Spirotetramat and Zinc Ethylene-bise0
- Interactor
- M. anisopliaeMetarhizium anisopliaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- M. anisopliae reached a colonizatione0
- Value
- 75%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At one-half of the recommended concentration, Spirotetramat and Zinc Ethylene-bis allowed for the total colonization of B. bassiana in roots of common bean, whereas M. anisopliae reached a colonization of 75%.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combining Spirotetramat, Zinc Ethylene-bis and Diazinon with the fungi.
- Taxon
- COMMON BEAN PLANTSPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Spirotetramat, Zinc Ethylene-bis and Diazinone0
- Outcome
- can be used in combinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spirotetramat, Zinc Ethylene-bis and Diazinon can be used in combination with B. bassiana Ba-18 and M. anisopliae Ma-30.”
t0“COMMON BEAN PLANTS”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against combining Tebuconazole, Mancozeb and Glufosinate with the fungi in integrated pest management.
- Taxon
- COMMON BEAN PLANTSPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Tebuconazole, Mancozeb and Glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- should not be combinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tebuconazole, Mancozeb and Glufosinate should not be combined with these entomopathogenic fungi in Integrated Pest Management programs.”
t0“COMMON BEAN PLANTS”
The same questions in other papers
mancozeb · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
tebuconazole · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.