Abstract
The grapevine berry development and composition at harvest are major determinant of productivity and wine quality. The increase in grapevine productivity by applying proper pruning and watering may affect fruit traits of the grapevine development notably berry size, weight, and volume as well as the berry composition mainly the total soluble solids (TSSs), titratable acidity (TA), pH of the grapes, total anthocyanins, and phenolic content and concentration. In this context, this study aimed to explore the response of berry development and composition to the interactive effect of pruning level and post-veraison water stress. Four pruning levels (severe, standard, light, and minimal) in combination with four post-veraison water stresses (none, light, moderate, and intense) were tested. The interactive effect of pruning level and post-veraison water stress has significantly altered all parameters, except berry weight which was influenced by the main effect of the two factors. Generally, post-veraison water stress reduced berry volume, weight, yield, and TA, but increased the TSS, pH, total anthocyanins, and phenols. Increasing in the pruning level also reduced berry yield per vine, TSS, and pH, but increased the berry volume, weight, TA, total anthocyanins, and phenols. Specifically, the highest berry volume, weight, and TA were registered in severely pruned grapevines with adequate water supply. Conversely, the minimally pruned grapevines with intense water stress had the highest TSS and pH of grape juice. The total anthocyanins and phenols were advanced by the increment from minimal to severe pruning levels but depressed when the water stress extended from none to an intense level. In the other hand, the maximum total anthocyanins and phenols in terms of concentration and content were observed in severely pruned grapevines under intense water stress. Interestingly, higher berry yield per grapevine was scored in minimally pruned grapevines with adequate water supply, possibly due to the increased number of nodes per vine. TSS had a strong negative relationship with berry volume, weight, yield, and TA, while pH had a strong positive relationship with TSS. Total anthocyanins and phenols were also inversely correlated with berry yield per grapevine. The results showed that the combined effect of pruning levels and water stress is a powerful tool to balance berry development and composition. As Merlot is a typical red wine grapevine, it is important to increase the berry composition even though there could be a reduction in its berry development variables including berry yield per vine.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Post-veraison water stress reduced berry volume, weight and yield in Merlot grapevine.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.
Vitis viniferat0 - Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- post-veraison water stresse1
- Outcome
- berry volume, weight, yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“post-veraison water stress reduced berry volume, weight, yield, and TA”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-veraison water stress reduced titratable acidity (TA) of Merlot grape berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- post-veraison water stresse1
- Outcome
- TAe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“post-veraison water stress reduced berry volume, weight, yield, and TA”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-veraison water stress increased total soluble solids (TSS) and pH of Merlot grape berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- post-veraison water stresse1
- Outcome
- TSS, pHe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“post-veraison water stress reduced berry volume, weight, yield, and TA, but increased the TSS, pH, total anthocyanins, and phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-veraison water stress increased total anthocyanins and phenols of Merlot grape berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- post-veraison water stresse1
- Outcome
- total anthocyanins, and phenolse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“post-veraison water stress reduced berry volume, weight, yield, and TA, but increased the TSS, pH, total anthocyanins, and phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the pruning level reduced berry yield per vine, TSS and pH.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- Increasing in the pruning levele1
- Outcome
- berry yield per vine, TSS, and pHe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Increasing in the pruning level also reduced berry yield per vine, TSS, and pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the pruning level increased berry volume, weight and TA.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- Increasing in the pruning levele1
- Outcome
- berry volume, weight, TAe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Increasing in the pruning level also reduced berry yield per vine, TSS, and pH, but increased the berry volume, weight, TA, total anthocyanins, and phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the pruning level increased total anthocyanins and phenols.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- Increasing in the pruning levele1
- Outcome
- total anthocyanins, and phenolse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Increasing in the pruning level also reduced berry yield per vine, TSS, and pH, but increased the berry volume, weight, TA, total anthocyanins, and phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest berry volume, weight and TA were found in severely pruned grapevines with adequate water supply.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- severely pruned grapevines with adequate water supplye1
- Outcome
- berry volume, weight, and TAe1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“the highest berry volume, weight, and TA were registered in severely pruned grapevines with adequate water supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimally pruned grapevines under intense water stress had the highest TSS and pH of grape juice.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- minimally pruned grapevines with intense water stresse1
- Outcome
- TSS and pH of grape juicee1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“the minimally pruned grapevines with intense water stress had the highest TSS and pH of grape juice”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum total anthocyanins and phenols, in concentration and content, were observed in severely pruned grapevines under intense water stress.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- severely pruned grapevines under intense water stresse1
- Outcome
- total anthocyanins and phenolse1
- Direction
- maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“the maximum total anthocyanins and phenols in terms of concentration and content were observed in severely pruned grapevines under intense water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry yield per grapevine was higher in minimally pruned grapevines with adequate water supply, possibly due to a larger number of nodes per vine.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- minimally pruned grapevines with adequate water supplye1
- Outcome
- berry yield per grapevinee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- possibly due to the increased number of nodes per vinee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“higher berry yield per grapevine was scored in minimally pruned grapevines with adequate water supply, possibly due to the increased number of nodes per vine”
Claim · model-written summary
The interactive effect of pruning level and post-veraison water stress significantly altered all measured parameters except berry weight, which responded to the main effects of the two factors.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Treatment
- interactive effect of pruning level and post-veraison water stresse1
- Outcome
- all parameterse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“The interactive effect of pruning level and post-veraison water stress has significantly altered all parameters, except berry weight which was influenced by the main effect of the two factors”
Claim · model-written summary
TSS had a strong negative relationship with berry volume, weight, yield and TA.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Outcome
- TSSe1
- Direction
- negative relationshipe1
- Qualifier
- berry volume, weight, yield, and TAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“TSS had a strong negative relationship with berry volume, weight, yield, and TA”
Claim · model-written summary
pH had a strong positive relationship with TSS.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Outcome
- pHe1
- Direction
- positive relationshipe1
- Qualifier
- TSSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“pH had a strong positive relationship with TSS”
Claim · model-written summary
Total anthocyanins and phenols were inversely correlated with berry yield per grapevine.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Outcome
- Total anthocyanins and phenolse1
- Direction
- inversely correlatede1
- Qualifier
- berry yield per grapevinee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“Total anthocyanins and phenols were also inversely correlated with berry yield per grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that combining pruning levels and water stress is a powerful tool to balance berry development and composition.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L.Vitis viniferat0
- Material
- Merlott0
- Outcome
- balance berry development and compositione1
- Direction
- powerful toole1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Merlot Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e1“the combined effect of pruning levels and water stress is a powerful tool to balance berry development and composition”
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