Abstract
Abstract ‘Stayman’ apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.) dipped in 4% CaC1 2 were firmer after 5–6 months storage in air at 0°C and developed less senescent breakdown than untreated fruit. Use of the thickener Keltrol with CaC1 2 or vacuum infiltrating (VI) CaC1 2 resulted in the firmest fruit after storage and the highest flesh Ca levels. ‘Stayman’ stored 5 or 6 months in CA at 0°C were 1.5 kg firmer than air-stored fruit. Dipping apples in CaC1 2 prior to CA storage provided little additional benefit. Liquid concentrate formulations of diphenylamine (DPA) and ethoxyquin used alone or in combination with 4% CaC1 2 gave excellent scald control on ‘Stayman’ stored 5 or 6 months at 0° + 6 days at 20°. However, the same chemicals gave poor scald control for ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ picked early to midseason. The antioxidants BHT and BHA evaluated as postharvest dips at 2,000 ppm were less effective than DPA or ethoxyquin in controlling scald on ‘Stayman’. ‘Delicious’ apples were not significantly firmer after 6 months storage in air at 0°C when dipped in 3% CaC1 2 alone or with Keltrol, or when CaC1 2 was VI. When CaC1 2 was contaminated with Penicillium expansum spores, VI of the solution greatly increased decay of both ‘Delicious’ and ‘Stayman’.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
A 4% calcium chloride dip made Stayman apples firmer after storage than untreated fruit.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- ‘Stayman’e0
- Treatment
- 4% CaC1 2e0
- Outcome
- firmere0
- Direction
- firmere0
- Qualifier
- 5–6 months storage in air at 0°Ce0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Stayman’ apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.) dipped in 4% CaC1 2 were firmer after 5–6 months storage in air at 0°C and developed less senescent breakdown than untreated fruit.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 4% calcium chloride dip reduced senescent breakdown in Stayman apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’e0
- Treatment
- 4% CaC1 2e0
- Outcome
- senescent breakdowne0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Stayman’ apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.) dipped in 4% CaC1 2 were firmer after 5–6 months storage in air at 0°C and developed less senescent breakdown than untreated fruit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Keltrol with calcium chloride yielded the firmest Stayman fruit after storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’t0
- Treatment
- Keltrol with CaC1 2e0
- Outcome
- firmest fruite0
- Direction
- firmeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of the thickener Keltrol with CaC1 2 or vacuum infiltrating (VI) CaC1 2 resulted in the firmest fruit after storage and the highest flesh Ca levels.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuum infiltration of calcium chloride yielded the firmest Stayman fruit after storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’t0
- Treatment
- vacuum infiltrating (VI) CaC1 2e0
- Outcome
- firmest fruite0
- Direction
- firmeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of the thickener Keltrol with CaC1 2 or vacuum infiltrating (VI) CaC1 2 resulted in the firmest fruit after storage and the highest flesh Ca levels.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Keltrol with calcium chloride yielded the highest Stayman flesh calcium levels.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’t0
- Treatment
- Keltrol with CaC1 2e0
- Outcome
- flesh Ca levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of the thickener Keltrol with CaC1 2 or vacuum infiltrating (VI) CaC1 2 resulted in the firmest fruit after storage and the highest flesh Ca levels.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuum infiltration of calcium chloride yielded the highest Stayman flesh calcium levels.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’t0
- Treatment
- vacuum infiltrating (VI) CaC1 2e0
- Outcome
- flesh Ca levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of the thickener Keltrol with CaC1 2 or vacuum infiltrating (VI) CaC1 2 resulted in the firmest fruit after storage and the highest flesh Ca levels.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-atmosphere storage made Stayman apples 1.5 kg firmer than air storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’e0
- Treatment
- CA at 0°Ce0
- Outcome
- firmere0
- Direction
- firmere0
- Value
- 1.5 kge0
- Comparator
- air-stored fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Stayman’ stored 5 or 6 months in CA at 0°C were 1.5 kg firmer than air-stored fruit.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride dipping before controlled-atmosphere storage gave little added benefit.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- CaC1 2 prior to CA storagee0
- Outcome
- little additional benefite0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dipping apples in CaC1 2 prior to CA storage provided little additional benefit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Diphenylamine gave excellent scald control in stored Stayman apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’e0
- Treatment
- diphenylamine (DPA)e0
- Outcome
- scald controle0
- Direction
- excellente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liquid concentrate formulations of diphenylamine (DPA) and ethoxyquin used alone or in combination with 4% CaC1 2 gave excellent scald control on ‘Stayman’ stored 5 or 6 months at 0° + 6 days at 20°.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethoxyquin gave excellent scald control in stored Stayman apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’e0
- Treatment
- ethoxyquine0
- Outcome
- scald controle0
- Direction
- excellente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liquid concentrate formulations of diphenylamine (DPA) and ethoxyquin used alone or in combination with 4% CaC1 2 gave excellent scald control on ‘Stayman’ stored 5 or 6 months at 0° + 6 days at 20°.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The same chemicals gave poor scald control in early to midseason Starkrimson Delicious apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Starkrimson Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- same chemicalse0
- Outcome
- scald controle0
- Direction
- poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the same chemicals gave poor scald control for ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ picked early to midseason.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
BHT dips controlled Stayman scald less effectively than DPA or ethoxyquin.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’e0
- Treatment
- BHTe0
- Outcome
- controlling scalde0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- DPA or ethoxyquine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidants BHT and BHA evaluated as postharvest dips at 2,000 ppm were less effective than DPA or ethoxyquin in controlling scald on ‘Stayman’.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
BHA dips controlled Stayman scald less effectively than DPA or ethoxyquin.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’e0
- Treatment
- BHAe0
- Outcome
- controlling scalde0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- DPA or ethoxyquine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidants BHT and BHA evaluated as postharvest dips at 2,000 ppm were less effective than DPA or ethoxyquin in controlling scald on ‘Stayman’.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
A 3% calcium chloride dip alone did not significantly increase Delicious apple firmness after storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- 3% CaC1 2 alonee0
- Outcome
- firmere0
- Direction
- not significantly firmere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Delicious’ apples were not significantly firmer after 6 months storage in air at 0°C when dipped in 3% CaC1 2 alone or with Keltrol, or when CaC1 2 was VI.”
Claim · model-written summary
A calcium chloride dip with Keltrol did not significantly increase Delicious apple firmness after storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- 3% CaC1 2 alone or with Keltrole0
- Outcome
- firmere0
- Direction
- not significantly firmere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Delicious’ apples were not significantly firmer after 6 months storage in air at 0°C when dipped in 3% CaC1 2 alone or with Keltrol, or when CaC1 2 was VI.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuum-infiltrated calcium chloride did not significantly increase Delicious apple firmness after storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- CaC1 2 was VIe0
- Outcome
- firmere0
- Direction
- not significantly firmere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Delicious’ apples were not significantly firmer after 6 months storage in air at 0°C when dipped in 3% CaC1 2 alone or with Keltrol, or when CaC1 2 was VI.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuum infiltration of calcium chloride contaminated with Penicillium expansum spores greatly increased decay in Delicious apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Delicious’e0
- Treatment
- VI of the solutione0
- Interactor
- Penicillium expansum
Penicillium expansume0pathogen - Outcome
- decaye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When CaC1 2 was contaminated with Penicillium expansum spores, VI of the solution greatly increased decay of both ‘Delicious’ and ‘Stayman’.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuum infiltration of calcium chloride contaminated with Penicillium expansum spores greatly increased decay in Stayman apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Stayman’e0
- Treatment
- VI of the solutione0
- Interactor
- Penicillium expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
- Outcome
- decaye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When CaC1 2 was contaminated with Penicillium expansum spores, VI of the solution greatly increased decay of both ‘Delicious’ and ‘Stayman’.”
t0“‘Stayman’ and ‘Delicious’ Apples”
The same questions in other papers
ethoxyquin · control · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
diphenylamine · control · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.