Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to assess effects of tillage practices as conventional intensive tillage(CT) and no-tillage(NT) and N sources as no N fertilizer(N0), inorganic N fertilizer(IF), slow-release N fertilizer(SR) and inorganic+organic N fertilizer(IFOF) on NH3 volatilization, N use efficiency and yield in paddy fields in central China. Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield. Compared with CT, NT obviously increased NH3 volatilization by 15.5%. N fertilization significantly enhanced NH3 volatilization, N use efficiency and rice yield. Treatments of IF, SR, IFOF remarkably increased NH 3 volatilization by 150.2%, 75.8% and 137.8%, respectively, relative to N0. IFOF treatment showed the highest N use efficiency among N fertilizer treatments. Compared with IF treatment, IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NREN (recovery efficiency) by 43.2%, NPFPN(partial factor productivity) by 16.9% and NAEN (agronomic efficiency) by 20.1%; IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NRE by 38.3%, NPFP by 22.1% and NAE by 51.3% relative to SR treatment. Rice yields under IF, SR and IFOF treatments were significantly 43.6%, 30.0% and 44.4% higher than that under N0 treatment. Our results suggested that CT in combination with IFOF could effectively mitigate NH 3 volatilization and increase N use efficiency and rice yield. However, further investigation is needed to discuss how to synchronously decrease NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage increased NH3 volatilization by 15.5% compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- NTe1
- Outcome
- NH3 volatilizatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 15.5%e1
- Comparator
- CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e1“Compared with CT, NT obviously increased NH3 volatilization by 15.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practices significantly affected NH3 volatilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Tillage practicese0
- Outcome
- NH 3 volatilizatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practices had no effect on N use efficiency or rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Tillage practicese0
- Outcome
- N use efficiency and rice yielde0
- Direction
- no effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization significantly enhanced NH3 volatilization, N use efficiency and rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- NH3 volatilization, N use efficiency and rice yielde2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“N fertilization significantly enhanced NH3 volatilization, N use efficiency and rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
IF increased NH3 volatilization by 150.2% relative to no N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- IFe3
- Outcome
- NH 3 volatilizatione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 150.2%e3
- Comparator
- N0e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e3“Treatments of IF, SR, IFOF remarkably increased NH 3 volatilization by 150.2%, 75.8% and 137.8%, respectively, relative to N0”
Claim · model-written summary
SR increased NH3 volatilization by 75.8% relative to no N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SRe3
- Outcome
- NH 3 volatilizatione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 75.8%e3
- Comparator
- N0e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e3“Treatments of IF, SR, IFOF remarkably increased NH 3 volatilization by 150.2%, 75.8% and 137.8%, respectively, relative to N0”
Claim · model-written summary
IFOF increased NH3 volatilization by 137.8% relative to no N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- IFOFe3
- Outcome
- NH 3 volatilizatione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 137.8%e3
- Comparator
- N0e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e3“Treatments of IF, SR, IFOF remarkably increased NH 3 volatilization by 150.2%, 75.8% and 137.8%, respectively, relative to N0”
Claim · model-written summary
IFOF increased NREN by 43.2% compared with IF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e4“Compared with IF treatment, IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NREN (recovery efficiency) by 43.2%, NPFPN(partial factor productivity) by 16.9% and NAEN (agronomic efficiency) by 20.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
IFOF increased NPFPN by 16.9% compared with IF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e4“Compared with IF treatment, IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NREN (recovery efficiency) by 43.2%, NPFPN(partial factor productivity) by 16.9% and NAEN (agronomic efficiency) by 20.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
IFOF increased NAEN by 20.1% compared with IF.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e4“Compared with IF treatment, IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NREN (recovery efficiency) by 43.2%, NPFPN(partial factor productivity) by 16.9% and NAEN (agronomic efficiency) by 20.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
IFOF increased NRE by 38.3% compared with SR.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e5“IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NRE by 38.3%, NPFP by 22.1% and NAE by 51.3% relative to SR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
IFOF increased NPFP by 22.1% compared with SR.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e5“IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NRE by 38.3%, NPFP by 22.1% and NAE by 51.3% relative to SR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
IFOF increased NAE by 51.3% compared with SR.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield”
e5“IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NRE by 38.3%, NPFP by 22.1% and NAE by 51.3% relative to SR treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
IF increased rice yield by 43.6% over no N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Treatment
- IFe6
- Outcome
- Rice yieldse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 43.6%e6
- Comparator
- N0 treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Rice yields under IF, SR and IFOF treatments were significantly 43.6%, 30.0% and 44.4% higher than that under N0 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
SR increased rice yield by 30.0% over no N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Treatment
- SRe6
- Outcome
- Rice yieldse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 30.0%e6
- Comparator
- N0 treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Rice yields under IF, SR and IFOF treatments were significantly 43.6%, 30.0% and 44.4% higher than that under N0 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
IFOF increased rice yield by 44.4% over no N fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Treatment
- IFOFe6
- Outcome
- Rice yieldse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 44.4%e6
- Comparator
- N0 treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Rice yields under IF, SR and IFOF treatments were significantly 43.6%, 30.0% and 44.4% higher than that under N0 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
CT combined with IFOF is recommended to mitigate NH3 volatilization and increase N use efficiency and rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- CT in combination with IFOFe7
- Outcome
- mitigate NH 3 volatilization and increase N use efficiency and rice yielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Our results suggested that CT in combination with IFOF could effectively mitigate NH 3 volatilization and increase N use efficiency and rice yield”
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