Abstract
Abstract To assess the effect of different organic manures and rice cultivars on methane emissions, a pot experiment was conducted at the Yezin Agricultural University, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar during the wet season of 2016. Organic manures (control, compost, and cow dung) and two rice cultivars (Manawthukha and IR 50) were tested. For both rice cultivars, high grain yield was observed in the control, and the minimum grain yield was observed in the cow dung treatment. The rate and cumulative CH 4 emissions in Manawthukha were higher than those in IR 50, in accordance with the yield, because of the longer growth duration. Although not significant, the lowest methane emissions were observed in the cow dung manure treatment (0.808 g CH 4 kg −1 soil) against the control (0.893 g CH 4 kg −1 soil) and compost (0.951 g CH 4 kg −1 soil) treatments. Based on these results, a field experiment was conducted at Madaya Township, Mandalay region, Myanmar during the dry and wet seasons of 2017 to determine the effects of water management and different rates of cow dung manure on methane emission and yield of IR 50. Higher methane emissions were recorded for continuous flooding (CF) than for alternative wetting and drying (AWD). In both seasons, higher grain yields (1.8% in dry and 7.6% in wet) were recorded for AWD than for CF. Higher methane emissions were recorded from OM 3 and lower emissions from OM 0 in both water management practices. In AWD, methane emissions were restricted under aerated soil conditions, although a higher amount of manure was added.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In the pot experiment, the minimum grain yield of both rice cultivars was observed in the cow dung treatment.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- cow dung treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- minimume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum grain yield was observed in the cow dung treatment”
e1“For both rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
In the pot experiment, high grain yield of both rice cultivars was observed in the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high grain yield was observed in the control”
e1“For both rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate and cumulative CH4 emissions were higher in Manawthukha than in IR 50.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Manawthukhae0
- Outcome
- rate and cumulative CH 4 emissionse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- IR 50e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate and cumulative CH 4 emissions in Manawthukha were higher than those in IR 50”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher CH4 emissions of Manawthukha were attributed to its longer growth duration, in accordance with yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Manawthukhae0
- Outcome
- CH 4 emissionse0
- Qualifier
- longer growth duratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate and cumulative CH 4 emissions in Manawthukha were higher than those in IR 50, in accordance with the yield, because of the longer growth duration”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Methane emissions were lowest in the cow dung manure treatment (0.808 g CH4 per kg soil) compared with control (0.893) and compost (0.951), although the difference was not significant.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cow dung manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- methane emissionse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 0.808 g CH 4 kg −1 soile0
- Qualifier
- compost (0.951 g CH 4 kg −1 soil)e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest methane emissions were observed in the cow dung manure treatment (0.808 g CH 4 kg −1 soil) against the control (0.893 g CH 4 kg −1 soil) and compost (0.951 g CH 4 kg −1 soil) treatments”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field experiment, methane emissions were higher under continuous flooding than under alternate wetting and drying.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- continuous flooding (CF)e0
- Outcome
- methane emissionse0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Comparator
- alternative wetting and drying (AWD)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher methane emissions were recorded for continuous flooding (CF) than for alternative wetting and drying (AWD)”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of IR 50 was 1.8% higher with AWD than with CF in the dry season.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe2
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.8%e1
- Qualifier
- in drye1
- Comparator
- CFe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher grain yields”
e1“1.8% in dry”
e2“AWD than for CF”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of IR 50 was 7.6% higher with AWD than with CF in the wet season.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe2
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 7.6%e1
- Qualifier
- in wete1
- Comparator
- CFe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher grain yields”
e1“7.6% in wet”
e2“AWD than for CF”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher methane emissions were recorded from the OM 3 manure rate under both water management practices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OM 3e0
- Outcome
- methane emissionse0
- Direction
- Highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher methane emissions were recorded from OM 3”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower methane emissions were recorded from OM 0 under both water management practices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OM 0e0
- Outcome
- emissionse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower emissions from OM 0”
t0“rice cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, methane emissions were restricted under aerated soil conditions even though a higher amount of manure was added.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWDe0
- Outcome
- methane emissionse0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In AWD, methane emissions were restricted under aerated soil conditions, although a higher amount of manure was added”
t0“rice cultivars”
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