Abstract
Dill seeds (Anethum graveolens L.) is the most valuable medicinal seed spice crop of Apiaceae. It bears small yellow flowers in the form of umbels. Being a cross-pollinated crop, floral visitors play vital role in pollination and seed sets. Hence, the present study was conducted at the ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer (Rajasthan), India to discover the pollinator's community, foraging behaviour and abundance of most frequent pollinators and different modes of pollination on seed yield and quality of this seed spice crop. The insect visitors community of dill seeds was composed of 28 insect species belonging to 14 families of 6 orders. Most of floral visitors started their foraging activity at 8.00 h, reached peak activity between 12.00 and 14.00 h and their activity ceased at 18.00 h. Apis florea, A. dorsata, A. mellifera, solitary bee, Halictus sp. and two unidentified species of Hymenoptera; Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer), Episyrphus sp., Eristalis sp and two other Musca species of Diptera were identified as potential and regular floral visitors of dill seeds. The highest seed yield of 1505.63 kg/ha was recorded in the treated plots provided with only 10% jaggery solution and was at par with the open pollination. A lower seed yield of 1432.5 kg/ha was recorded in plots pollinated only with A. mellifera inside insect cages. Open pollination with 10% jaggery solution spray increased the seed yield of dill seed crop by 57%, one-thousand seed test weight by 96% and the essential oil content by 27% over control plots. These results show that managed pollination is a much better way to enhance yields and quality of dill seed crop than other treatments including only honeybee-based pollination.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Dill flowers were visited by 28 insect species across 14 families and 6 orders.
- Taxon
- dill seeds
Anethum graveolense0 - Outcome
- insect visitors communitye0
- Value
- 28 insect species belonging to 14 families of 6 orderse0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The insect visitors community of dill seeds was composed of 28 insect species belonging to 14 families of 6 orders”
Claim · model-written summary
Most dill floral visitors began foraging at 8.00 h, peaked from 12.00 to 14.00 h and stopped at 18.00 h.
- Taxon
- Dill seedsAnethum graveolenst0
- Outcome
- foraging activitye0
- Value
- 8.00 he0
- Qualifier
- reached peak activity between 12.00 and 14.00 h and their activity ceased at 18.00 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most of floral visitors started their foraging activity at 8.00 h, reached peak activity between 12.00 and 14.00 h and their activity ceased at 18.00 h”
t0“Dill seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The listed bee and fly species were identified as regular potential visitors of dill.
- Taxon
- dill seedsAnethum graveolense0
- Outcome
- potential and regular floral visitorse0
- Qualifier
- Apis florea, A. dorsata, A. mellifera, solitary bee, Halictus sp. and two unidentified species of Hymenoptera; Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer), Episyrphus sp., Eristalis sp and two other Musca species of Dipterae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apis florea, A. dorsata, A. mellifera, solitary bee, Halictus sp. and two unidentified species of Hymenoptera; Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer), Episyrphus sp., Eristalis sp and two other Musca species of Diptera were identified as potential and regular floral visitors of dill seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Plots given 10% jaggery solution had the highest seed yield, 1505.63 kg/ha, statistically at par with open pollination.
- Taxon
- Dill seedsAnethum graveolenst0
- Treatment
- 10% jaggery solutione0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1505.63 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- open pollinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield of 1505.63 kg/ha was recorded in the treated plots provided with only 10% jaggery solution and was at par with the open pollination”
t0“Dill seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
A. mellifera only inside cages gave a lower dill seed yield of 1432.5 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- Dill seedsAnethum graveolenst0
- Treatment
- pollinated only with A. mellifera inside insect cagese0
- Interactor
- A. mellifera
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Apis melliferae0pollinator - Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1432.5 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A lower seed yield of 1432.5 kg/ha was recorded in plots pollinated only with A. mellifera inside insect cages”
t0“Dill seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Open pollination plus 10% jaggery solution increased dill seed yield by 57% over control.
- Taxon
- dill seed cropAnethum graveolense0
- Treatment
- Open pollination with 10% jaggery solution spraye0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 57%e0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Open pollination with 10% jaggery solution spray increased the seed yield of dill seed crop by 57%, one-thousand seed test weight by 96% and the essential oil content by 27% over control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Open pollination plus jaggery spray increased thousand seed test weight by 96% over control.
- Taxon
- dill seed cropAnethum graveolense0
- Treatment
- Open pollination with 10% jaggery solution spraye0
- Outcome
- one-thousand seed test weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 96%e0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Open pollination with 10% jaggery solution spray increased the seed yield of dill seed crop by 57%, one-thousand seed test weight by 96% and the essential oil content by 27% over control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Open pollination plus jaggery spray increased essential oil content by 27% over control.
- Taxon
- dill seed cropAnethum graveolense0
- Treatment
- Open pollination with 10% jaggery solution spraye0
- Outcome
- essential oil contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Open pollination with 10% jaggery solution spray increased the seed yield of dill seed crop by 57%, one-thousand seed test weight by 96% and the essential oil content by 27% over control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend managed pollination to improve dill seed yield and quality relative to honeybee only pollination.
- Taxon
- dill seed cropAnethum graveolense0
- Outcome
- managed pollination is a much better way to enhance yields and qualitye0
- Comparator
- only honeybee-based pollinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results show that managed pollination is a much better way to enhance yields and quality of dill seed crop than other treatments including only honeybee-based pollination”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.