Abstract
Rising temperatures worldwide due to global climate change are a major scientific issue at present. The present study reports the effects of gaseous signaling molecules, ethylene (200 µL L−1; 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid; ethephon, Eth), nitric oxide (NO; 100 µM sodium nitroprusside; SNP), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S; 200 µM sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS) in high temperature stress (HS) tolerance, and whether or not H2S contributes to ethylene or NO-induced thermo-tolerance and photosynthetic protection in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, i.e., Taipei-309, and Rasi. Plants exposed to an HS of 40 °C for six h per day for 15 days caused a reduction in rice biomass, associated with decreased photosynthesis and leaf water status. High temperature stress increased oxidative stress by increasing the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in rice leaves. These signaling molecules increased biomass, leaf water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesis of plants under non-stress and high temperature stress. However, the effect was more conspicuous with ethylene than NO and H2S. The application of H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT) reversed the effect of ethylene or NO on photosynthesis under HS. This supports the findings that the ameliorating effects of Eth or SNP involved H2S. Thus, the presence of H2S with ethylene or NO can enhance thermo-tolerance while also protecting plant photosynthesis.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced rice biomass, photosynthesis, and leaf water status.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- HS of 40 °C for six h per day for 15 dayse0
- Outcome
- rice biomass, associated with decreased photosynthesis and leaf water statuse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to an HS of 40 °C for six h per day for 15 days caused a reduction in rice biomass, associated with decreased photosynthesis and leaf water status.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increased hydrogen peroxide and TBARS in rice leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- High temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature stress increased oxidative stress by increasing the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in rice leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene increased biomass, water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesis under both temperature conditions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ethylene (200 µL L−1; 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid; ethephon, Eth)e1
- Outcome
- biomass, leaf water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under non-stress and high temperature stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These signaling molecules increased biomass, leaf water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesis of plants under non-stress and high temperature stress.”
e1“ethylene (200 µL L−1; 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid; ethephon, Eth)”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide increased biomass, water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitric oxide (NO; 100 µM sodium nitroprusside; SNP)e1
- Outcome
- biomass, leaf water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under non-stress and high temperature stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These signaling molecules increased biomass, leaf water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesis of plants under non-stress and high temperature stress.”
e1“nitric oxide (NO; 100 µM sodium nitroprusside; SNP)”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide increased biomass, water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- hydrogen sulfide (H2S; 200 µM sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS)e1
- Outcome
- biomass, leaf water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under non-stress and high temperature stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These signaling molecules increased biomass, leaf water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesis of plants under non-stress and high temperature stress.”
e1“hydrogen sulfide (H2S; 200 µM sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS)”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene had a more conspicuous effect than NO and H2S.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- effect was more conspicuouse0
- Direction
- more conspicuouse0
- Comparator
- NO and H2Se0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the effect was more conspicuous with ethylene than NO and H2S.”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypotaurine reversed the effect of ethylene or NO on photosynthesis under heat stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT)e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Qualifier
- under HSe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT) reversed the effect of ethylene or NO on photosynthesis under HS.”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer H2S involvement in amelioration by Eth or SNP.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Eth or SNPe0
- Compound
- H2Se0
- Outcome
- ameliorating effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This supports the findings that the ameliorating effects of Eth or SNP involved H2S.”
t0“Rice Plants”
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See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.