Abstract
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) as 100 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) on photosynthetic-nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), photosynthetic-sulfur use efficiency (SUE), photosynthesis, growth and agronomic traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, Taipie-309 (high photosynthetic-N and SUE) and Rasi (low photosynthetic-N and SUE) were investigated under high temperature stress (40 °C for 6 h). Plants exposed to high temperature stress caused significant reduction in photosynthetic activity, use efficiency of N and S, and increment in H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content. The drastic effects of high temperature stress were more pronounced in cultivar Rasi than Taipie-309. However, foliar spray of SNP decreased the high temperature induced H2O2 and TBARS content and increased accumulation of proline and activity of ascorbate–glutathione cycle that collectively improved tolerance to high temperature stress more effectively in Taipie-309. Exogenously applied SNP alleviated the high temperature induced decrease in photosynthesis through maintaining higher photosynthetic-NUE and photosynthetic-SUE, activity of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), and synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH). The use of 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxy-3-oxide (cPTIO, NO scavenger) substantiated the study that in the absence of NO oxidative stress increased, while NO increased photosynthetic-NUE and photosynthetic-SUE, net photosynthesis and plant dry mass. Taken together, the present investigation reveals that NO increased heat stress tolerance and minimized high temperature stress adversaries more effectively in cultivar Taipie-309 than Rasi by enhancing photosynthetic-NUE and SUE and strengthening the antioxidant defense system.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced photosynthetic activity and N and S use efficiency.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- high temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activity, use efficiency of N and Se0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to high temperature stress caused significant reduction in photosynthetic activity, use efficiency of N and S”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increased H2O2 and TBARS content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperature stresse1
- Outcome
- H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) contente0
- Direction
- incremente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increment in H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content”
t0“Rice”
e1“Plants exposed to high temperature stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat damage was stronger in Rasi than Taipie-309.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Rasie0
- Outcome
- effects of high temperature stresse0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- Taipie-309e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drastic effects of high temperature stress were more pronounced in cultivar Rasi than Taipie-309”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP decreased heat-induced H2O2 and TBARS.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of SNPe0
- Outcome
- H2O2 and TBARS contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of SNP decreased the high temperature induced H2O2 and TBARS content”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP increased proline accumulation and ascorbate–glutathione cycle activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of SNPe1
- Outcome
- accumulation of proline and activity of ascorbate–glutathione cyclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased accumulation of proline and activity of ascorbate–glutathione cycle”
t0“Rice”
e1“foliar spray of SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP alleviated the heat-induced decline in photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Exogenously applied SNPe0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenously applied SNP alleviated the high temperature induced decrease in photosynthesis”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP maintained higher photosynthetic NUE and SUE and Rubisco activity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Exogenously applied SNPe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic-NUE and photosynthetic-SUE, activity of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintaining higher photosynthetic-NUE and photosynthetic-SUE, activity of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)”
t0“Rice”
e1“Exogenously applied SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP maintained reduced glutathione synthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Exogenously applied SNPe1
- Outcome
- synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH)”
t0“Rice”
e1“Exogenously applied SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
NO scavenging increased oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cPTIO, NO scavengere1
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the absence of NO oxidative stress increased”
t0“Rice”
e1“cPTIO, NO scavenger”
Claim · model-written summary
NO increased photosynthetic NUE, SUE and net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic-NUE and photosynthetic-SUE, net photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO increased photosynthetic-NUE and photosynthetic-SUE, net photosynthesis and plant dry mass”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NO increased plant dry mass.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- plant dry masse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO increased photosynthetic-NUE and photosynthetic-SUE, net photosynthesis and plant dry mass”
t0“Rice”
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See all 38 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.