Abstract
Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm). At non-salt stressed conditions, the highest values of fresh weight (FW) of callus were obtained with addition of 4 mgl-1 of 2,4-D with Kin at 0.4 mgl-1 to MS medium for all cvs. FW was increased by more than 80% after application of 10 and 100 mg/l of Si-NPs in Balady and MM111 cvs., respectively under 2000 ppm of NaCl. Anatomically, the maximum polar and equatorial diameters (72 and 53µm, respectively), of callus cells were observed in MM111cv. under high salinity level. Also, 7 amplicons amplified with three different SCoT primers (SCoT 77, 66 and 26) in both salt stressed and unstressed callus in MM111cv. Addition of Si-NPs increased the total antioxidants (%), the activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in salt stressed callus in all cvs. Application of high Si-NPs concentration increased the POD and SOD activity by 6.5 and 5.7 times, respectively in Ballady cv. under high NaCl levels. Also, high concentration of free amino acids, proline, reducing sugars and free phenolics concentration were observed in salt stressed callus with increment the concentration of Si-NPs. Proline and reducing sugars concentrations were increased by 80% in salt-stressed callus of Ballady cv. under 100 mgl- of Si-NPs. It can recommend that, application of Si-NPs at 10 mgl-1 will increase the tolerance of apple callus to 2000 ppm NaCl, especially in Balady and MM111 cvs, as a suitable salt tolerant rootstock for apple grafting.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The highest callus fresh weight under non-salt stress was obtained with 2,4-D and kinetin in MS medium.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- calluse1
- Treatment
- addition of 4 mgl-1 of 2,4-D with Kin at 0.4 mgl-1 to MS mediume1
- Outcome
- fresh weight (FW) of calluse1
- Direction
- highest valuese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e1“At non-salt stressed conditions, the highest values of fresh weight (FW) of callus were obtained with addition of 4 mgl-1 of 2,4-D with Kin at 0.4 mgl-1 to MS medium for all cvs”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight of Balady callus increased by more than 80% with 10 mg/l Si-NPs under 2000 ppm NaCl.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Baladye2
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- Si-NPse2
- Outcome
- FWe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- more than 80%e2
- Qualifier
- under 2000 ppm of NaCle2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e2“FW was increased by more than 80% after application of 10 and 100 mg/l of Si-NPs in Balady and MM111 cvs., respectively under 2000 ppm of NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight of MM111 callus increased by more than 80% with 100 mg/l Si-NPs under 2000 ppm NaCl.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- MM111e2
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- Si-NPse2
- Outcome
- FWe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- more than 80%e2
- Qualifier
- under 2000 ppm of NaCle2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e2“FW was increased by more than 80% after application of 10 and 100 mg/l of Si-NPs in Balady and MM111 cvs., respectively under 2000 ppm of NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum polar diameter of callus cells was 72 µm in MM111 under high salinity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- MM111e3
- Organ / stage
- callus cellse3
- Treatment
- high salinity levele3
- Outcome
- maximum polar and equatorial diameterse3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 72e3
- Qualifier
- polare3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e3“Anatomically, the maximum polar and equatorial diameters (72 and 53µm, respectively), of callus cells were observed in MM111cv. under high salinity level”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum equatorial diameter of callus cells was 53 µm in MM111 under high salinity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- MM111e3
- Organ / stage
- callus cellse3
- Treatment
- high salinity levele3
- Outcome
- maximum polar and equatorial diameterse3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 53µme3
- Qualifier
- equatoriale3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e3“Anatomically, the maximum polar and equatorial diameters (72 and 53µm, respectively), of callus cells were observed in MM111cv. under high salinity level”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven amplicons were amplified with three SCoT primers in both salt-stressed and unstressed MM111 callus.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- MM111e4
- Outcome
- ampliconse4
- Value
- 7e4
- Qualifier
- three different SCoT primerse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e4“Also, 7 amplicons amplified with three different SCoT primers (SCoT 77, 66 and 26) in both salt stressed and unstressed callus in MM111cv”
Claim · model-written summary
Si-NPs increased total antioxidants, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in salt-stressed callus of all cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Si-NPse5
- Outcome
- total antioxidants (%), the activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)e5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- in salt stressed calluse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e5“Addition of Si-NPs increased the total antioxidants (%), the activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in salt stressed callus in all cvs”
Claim · model-written summary
High Si-NPs concentration increased POD activity 6.5-fold in Ballady callus under high NaCl.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Balladye6
- Treatment
- high Si-NPs concentratione6
- Outcome
- PODe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 6.5e6
- Qualifier
- under high NaCl levelse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e6“Application of high Si-NPs concentration increased the POD and SOD activity by 6.5 and 5.7 times, respectively in Ballady cv. under high NaCl levels”
Claim · model-written summary
High Si-NPs concentration increased SOD activity 5.7 times in Ballady callus under high NaCl.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Balladye6
- Treatment
- high Si-NPs concentratione6
- Outcome
- SODe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 5.7 timese6
- Qualifier
- under high NaCl levelse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e6“Application of high Si-NPs concentration increased the POD and SOD activity by 6.5 and 5.7 times, respectively in Ballady cv. under high NaCl levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Free amino acids, proline and reducing sugars were observed to increase with Si-NPs concentration in salt-stressed callus.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Si-NPse7
- Outcome
- free amino acids, proline, reducing sugarse7
- Direction
- incremente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e7“Also, high concentration of free amino acids, proline, reducing sugars and free phenolics concentration were observed in salt stressed callus with increment the concentration of Si-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Free phenolics were observed to increase with Si-NPs concentration in salt-stressed callus.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Si-NPse7
- Outcome
- free phenolicse7
- Direction
- incremente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e7“Also, high concentration of free amino acids, proline, reducing sugars and free phenolics concentration were observed in salt stressed callus with increment the concentration of Si-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline and reducing sugars concentrations increased by 80% in salt-stressed Ballady callus under 100 mg/l Si-NPs.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Balladye7
- Treatment
- 100 mgl- of Si-NPse7
- Outcome
- Proline and reducing sugars concentrationse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 80%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of callus of three apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) cultivars (cv.) namely: Balady, MM 106 and MM 111 were investigated under different concentrations of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (0, 10 and 100 mgl-1) and salt stress, induced by NaCl (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm)”
e7“Proline and reducing sugars concentrations were increased by 80% in salt-stressed callus of Ballady cv. under 100 mgl- of Si-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 10 mg/l Si-NPs to improve tolerance of apple callus to 2000 ppm NaCl as a salt-tolerant rootstock for grafting.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae7
- Treatment
- application of Si-NPs at 10 mgl-1e7
- Outcome
- tolerance of apple callus to 2000 ppm NaCle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“It can recommend that, application of Si-NPs at 10 mgl-1 will increase the tolerance of apple callus to 2000 ppm NaCl, especially in Balady and MM111 cvs, as a suitable salt tolerant rootstock for apple grafting”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
in vitro · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.