Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic acids on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of silage and performance of growing cattle. Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA). Twenty-Four Sahiwal heifers were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6) on body weight (117±5.0 kg) and age basis (10±2.0 months). The heifers either received a basal diet having silage without additives (SC) or were fed on diet having three silages preserved with 0.5% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.5% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) or 0.25% formic acid and 0.25% propionic (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA). Silages in all the groups were well preserved, as indicated by high lactic acid content and low pH value, ammonia-nitrogen and butyric acid contents. S0.5%PA silage showed better (P<0.05) aerobic stability. Treatments had no adverse effect on dry matter intake and nutrients digestibility while average daily gain was greater (P<0.05) in S0.5%FA group. There was no difference in plasma total protein, albumin, non-esterified fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels. The plasma urea nitrogen, glucose and cholesterol were higher (P<0.05) in S0.5%PA group. Treatments had no effect on triiodothyronine (T3) but tetraiodothyronine (T4) and insulin like growth factor-1 were higher in S0.5%FA group. The findings of this study revealed that feeding silage preserved with formic and propionic acid alone or in combination had no adverse effect on feed intake and nutrient digestibility while growth performance was better in the cattle fed on 0.5% formic acid added silage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Silage with 0.50% propionic acid showed better aerobic stability of sorghum silage than silage without organic acid.
- Treatment
- 0.50% propionic acide1
- Outcome
- aerobic stabilitye2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- without organic acide1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA)”
e2“S0.5%PA silage showed better (P<0.05) aerobic stability”
Claim · model-written summary
Average daily gain of cattle fed silage with 0.50% formic acid was greater than with silage without organic acid.
- Treatment
- 0.50% formic acide1
- Outcome
- average daily gaine3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- without organic acide1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA)”
e3“while average daily gain was greater (P<0.05) in S0.5%FA group”
Claim · model-written summary
All sorghum silages were well preserved, as indicated by high lactic acid content and low pH value.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA)”
e4“Silages in all the groups were well preserved, as indicated by high lactic acid content and low pH value, ammonia-nitrogen and butyric acid contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage preserved with formic and propionic acid had no adverse effect on feed intake and nutrient digestibility of cattle.
- Treatment
- silage preserved with formic and propionic acide6
- Outcome
- feed intake and nutrient digestibilitye6
- Direction
- no adverse effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA)”
e6“feeding silage preserved with formic and propionic acid alone or in combination had no adverse effect on feed intake and nutrient digestibility”
Claim · model-written summary
Tetraiodothyronine (T4) and insulin like growth factor-1 were higher in cattle fed S0.5%FA silage.
- Treatment
- S0.5%FAe7
- Outcome
- tetraiodothyronine (T4) and insulin like growth factor-1e7
- Direction
- highere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA)”
e7“Treatments had no effect on triiodothyronine (T3) but tetraiodothyronine (T4) and insulin like growth factor-1 were higher in S0.5%FA group”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage preserved with formic and propionic acid had no effect on triiodothyronine (T3) in cattle.
- Treatment
- silage preserved with formic and propionic acide6
- Outcome
- triiodothyronine (T3)e7
- Direction
- no effecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA)”
e6“feeding silage preserved with formic and propionic acid alone or in combination had no adverse effect on feed intake and nutrient digestibility”
e7“Treatments had no effect on triiodothyronine (T3) but tetraiodothyronine (T4) and insulin like growth factor-1 were higher in S0.5%FA group”
Claim · model-written summary
Plasma urea nitrogen, glucose and cholesterol were higher in cattle fed S0.5%PA silage.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA)”
e0“The plasma urea nitrogen, glucose and cholesterol were higher (P<0.05) in S0.5%PA group”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage preserved with formic and propionic acid caused no difference in plasma total protein and albumin of cattle.
- Treatment
- silage preserved with formic and propionic acide6
- Outcome
- plasma total protein, albumine0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA)”
e6“feeding silage preserved with formic and propionic acid alone or in combination had no adverse effect on feed intake and nutrient digestibility”
e0“There was no difference in plasma total protein, albumin, non-esterified fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage preserved with formic and propionic acid caused no difference in non-esterified fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels of cattle.
- Treatment
- silage preserved with formic and propionic acide6
- Outcome
- non-esterified fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acide0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum fodder either ensiled without organic acid (Sc) or with 0.50% formic acid (S0.5%FA), 0.50% propionic acid (S0.5%FA) and 0.25% combination of formic and propionic acid (S0.25%FA+0.25%PA)”
e6“feeding silage preserved with formic and propionic acid alone or in combination had no adverse effect on feed intake and nutrient digestibility”
e0“There was no difference in plasma total protein, albumin, non-esterified fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels”
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