Abstract
In this study, eight-year-old wine grape plants (Cabernet Sauvignon) were subjected to five different iron treatments: ferrous sulfate, ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA-Fe), ferric citrate, ferric gluconate, and ferric sugar alcohol, and conventional fertilization. Foliar spraying with clear water was used as the control treatment. The effects of different iron treatments on berry quality and flavonoid accumulation in grape peels were explored. All five iron treatments affected the sugar, acid, and peel flavonoid contents of grape berries, but the contents varied greatly among the different iron treatments. Foliar spraying with iron increased berry sugar content and reduced acid content. In addition, foliar spraying with ferrous sulfate, EDTA-Fe, ferric gluconate, and ferric sugar alcohol reduced the total anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavonol contents in the peel. The unique flavonoid monomer content of the peel was significantly higher under ferric citrate treatment than under the control and other iron treatments. Moreover, the results showed that foliar spraying with ferric citrate balanced the berry sugar-acid ratio and also increased the anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavonol contents of the grape peel, thereby improving the overall nutritional status of the berries and the final wine quality. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that different iron treatments could improve grape berry quality and clarify the effects of different exogenous iron treatments.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
All five iron treatments affected sugar, acid and peel flavonoid contents of grape berries.
- Taxon
- wine grape
Vitis viniferat0 - Treatment
- iron treatmentse1
- Outcome
- sugar, acid, and peel flavonoid contentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grape”
e1“All five iron treatments affected the sugar, acid, and peel flavonoid contents of grape berries”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying with iron increased berry sugar content relative to clear-water control.
- Taxon
- wine grapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with irone3
- Outcome
- berry sugar contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- Foliar spraying with clear watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grape”
e3“Foliar spraying with iron increased berry sugar content”
e2“Foliar spraying with clear water was used as the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying with iron reduced berry acid content relative to clear-water control.
- Taxon
- wine grapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with irone4
- Outcome
- acid contente4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- Foliar spraying with clear watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grape”
e4“Foliar spraying with iron increased berry sugar content and reduced acid content”
e2“Foliar spraying with clear water was used as the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar sprays of ferrous sulfate, EDTA-Fe, ferric gluconate and ferric sugar alcohol reduced peel total anthocyanin, flavanol and flavonol contents relative to clear-water control.
- Taxon
- wine grapeVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- peele5
- Treatment
- ferrous sulfate, EDTA-Fe, ferric gluconate, and ferric sugar alcohole5
- Outcome
- total anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavonol contentse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Comparator
- Foliar spraying with clear watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grape”
e5“foliar spraying with ferrous sulfate, EDTA-Fe, ferric gluconate, and ferric sugar alcohol reduced the total anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavonol contents in the peel”
e2“Foliar spraying with clear water was used as the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferric citrate gave a significantly higher unique flavonoid monomer content in peel than the control and other iron treatments.
- Taxon
- wine grapeVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- peele6
- Treatment
- ferric citrate treatmente6
- Outcome
- unique flavonoid monomer contente6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- the control and other iron treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grape”
e6“The unique flavonoid monomer content of the peel was significantly higher under ferric citrate treatment than under the control and other iron treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying with ferric citrate balanced the berry sugar-acid ratio relative to clear-water control.
- Taxon
- wine grapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with ferric citratee1
- Outcome
- berry sugar-acid ratioe1
- Direction
- balancede1
- Comparator
- Foliar spraying with clear watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grape”
e1“foliar spraying with ferric citrate balanced the berry sugar-acid ratio”
e2“Foliar spraying with clear water was used as the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spraying with ferric citrate increased anthocyanin, flavanol and flavonol contents of the grape peel relative to clear-water control.
- Taxon
- wine grapeVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- grape peele7
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with ferric citratee7
- Outcome
- anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavonol contentse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- Foliar spraying with clear watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grape”
e7“foliar spraying with ferric citrate balanced the berry sugar-acid ratio and also increased the anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavonol contents of the grape peel”
e2“Foliar spraying with clear water was used as the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferric citrate foliar spraying is concluded by the authors to improve the overall nutritional status of the berries and the final wine quality.
- Taxon
- wine grapeVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with ferric citratee7
- Outcome
- overall nutritional status of the berries and the final wine qualitye4
- Direction
- improvinge4
- Comparator
- Foliar spraying with clear watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grape”
e7“foliar spraying with ferric citrate balanced the berry sugar-acid ratio and also increased the anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavonol contents of the grape peel”
e4“thereby improving the overall nutritional status of the berries and the final wine quality”
e2“Foliar spraying with clear water was used as the control treatment”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.