Abstract
Copper is a critical regulator of plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms by which copper responds to virus invasion are unclear. We previously showed that SPL9-mediated transcriptional activation of miR528 adds a previously unidentified regulatory layer to the established ARGONAUTE (AGO18)–miR528– L-ascorbate oxidase ( AO ) antiviral defense. Here, we report that rice promotes copper accumulation in shoots by inducing copper transporter genes, including HMA5 and COPT , to counteract viral infection. Copper suppresses the transcriptional activation of miR528 by inhibiting the protein level of SPL9, thus alleviating miR528-mediated cleavage of AO transcripts to strengthen the antiviral response. Loss-of-function mutations in HMA5 , COPT1 , and COPT5 caused a significant reduction in copper accumulation and plant viral resistance because of the increased SPL9-mediated miR528 transcription. Gain in viral susceptibility was mitigated when SPL9 was mutated in the hma5 mutant background. Our study elucidates the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of copper homeostasis and the SPL9-miR528-AO antiviral pathway.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rice induces copper transporter genes and accumulates copper in shoots during viral infection.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Gene
- HMA5 and COPTe0
- Outcome
- copper accumulation in shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice promotes copper accumulation in shoots by inducing copper transporter genes, including HMA5 and COPT , to counteract viral infection”
t0“rice”
e1“plant viral resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper inhibits SPL9 protein accumulation, suppressing transcriptional activation of miR528.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- SPL9e0
- Compound
- Coppere0
- Outcome
- transcriptional activation of miR528e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper suppresses the transcriptional activation of miR528 by inhibiting the protein level of SPL9”
t0“rice”
e1“plant viral resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper alleviates miR528 cleavage of AO transcripts and strengthens the antiviral response.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- AOe0
- Outcome
- antiviral responsee0
- Qualifier
- miR528-mediated cleavage of AO transcriptse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviating miR528-mediated cleavage of AO transcripts to strengthen the antiviral response”
t0“rice”
e1“plant viral resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
HMA5, COPT1 and COPT5 loss of function reduces copper accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Loss-of-function mutations in HMA5 , COPT1 , and COPT5e0
- Gene
- HMA5 , COPT1 , and COPT5e0
- Outcome
- copper accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Loss-of-function mutations in HMA5 , COPT1 , and COPT5 caused a significant reduction in copper accumulation and plant viral resistance because of the increased SPL9-mediated miR528 transcription”
t0“rice”
e1“plant viral resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
HMA5, COPT1 and COPT5 loss of function reduces plant viral resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Loss-of-function mutations in HMA5 , COPT1 , and COPT5e0
- Gene
- HMA5 , COPT1 , and COPT5e0
- Outcome
- plant viral resistancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Loss-of-function mutations in HMA5 , COPT1 , and COPT5 caused a significant reduction in copper accumulation and plant viral resistance because of the increased SPL9-mediated miR528 transcription”
t0“rice”
e1“plant viral resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased SPL9-mediated miR528 transcription explains the resistance loss in transporter mutants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- SPL9-mediated miR528e0
- Outcome
- plant viral resistancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“because of the increased SPL9-mediated miR528 transcription”
t0“rice”
e1“plant viral resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
SPL9 mutation mitigates viral susceptibility in the hma5 mutant.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SPL9 was mutatede0
- Gene
- SPL9e0
- Outcome
- viral susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
- Comparator
- hma5 mutant backgrounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gain in viral susceptibility was mitigated when SPL9 was mutated in the hma5 mutant background”
t0“rice”
e1“plant viral resistance”
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