Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors constitute a superfamily in eukaryotes, but their roles in plant immunity remain largely uncharacterized. We found that the transcript abundance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves of one bHLH transcription factor-encoding gene, negative regulator of resistance to DC3000 1 (Nrd1), increased significantly after treatment with the immunity-inducing flgII-28 peptide. Plants carrying a loss-of-function mutation in Nrd1 (Δnrd1) showed enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 although early pattern-triggered immunity responses, such as generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases after treatment with flagellin-derived flg22 and flgII-28 peptides, were unaltered compared to wild-type plants. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identified a gene, Arabinogalactan protein 1 (Agp1), whose expression is strongly suppressed in an Nrd1-dependent manner. Agp1 encodes an arabinogalactan protein, and overexpression of the Agp1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana led to ∼10-fold less Pst growth compared to the control. These results suggest that the Nrd1 protein promotes tomato susceptibility to Pst by suppressing the defense gene Agp1. RNA-seq also revealed that the loss of Nrd1 function has no effect on the transcript abundance of immunity-associated genes, including AvrPtoB tomato-interacting 9 (Bti9), Cold-shock protein receptor (Core), Flagellin sensing 2 (Fls2), Flagellin sensing (Fls3), and Wall-associated kinase 1 (Wak1) upon Pst inoculation, suggesting that the enhanced immunity observed in the Δnrd1 mutants is due to the activation of key PRR signaling components as well as the loss of Nrd1-regulated suppression of Agp1.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
FlgII-28 treatment significantly increased Nrd1 transcript abundance in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- flgII-28 peptidee0
- Gene
- negative regulator of resistance to DC3000 1 (Nrd1)e0
- Outcome
- transcript abundancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcript abundance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves of one bHLH transcription factor-encoding gene, negative regulator of resistance to DC3000 1 (Nrd1), increased significantly after treatment with the immunity-inducing flgII-28 peptide”
Claim · model-written summary
Nrd1 loss of function enhanced resistance to Pst DC3000.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- loss-of-function mutation in Nrd1 (Δnrd1)e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants carrying a loss-of-function mutation in Nrd1 (Δnrd1) showed enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early ROS generation and MAPK activation remained unaltered in Nrd1 mutants relative to wild type after peptide treatment.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- loss-of-function mutation in Nrd1 (Δnrd1)e1
- Outcome
- generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinasese0
- Direction
- unalterede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases after treatment with flagellin-derived flg22 and flgII-28 peptides, were unaltered compared to wild-type plants”
e1“Plants carrying a loss-of-function mutation in Nrd1 (Δnrd1)”
e2“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Agp1 expression was strongly suppressed in an Nrd1-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- Arabinogalactan protein 1 (Agp1)e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Qualifier
- Nrd1-dependent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabinogalactan protein 1 (Agp1), whose expression is strongly suppressed in an Nrd1-dependent manner”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Agp1 overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana led to about tenfold less Pst growth than control.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- overexpression of the Agp1 genee0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- Pst growthe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- ∼10-folde0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overexpression of the Agp1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana led to ∼10-fold less Pst growth compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nrd1 loss had no effect on transcript abundance of five immunity-associated genes after Pst inoculation.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- loss of Nrd1 functione0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- transcript abundance of immunity-associated genese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss of Nrd1 function has no effect on the transcript abundance of immunity-associated genes, including AvrPtoB tomato-interacting 9 (Bti9), Cold-shock protein receptor (Core), Flagellin sensing 2 (Fls2), Flagellin sensing (Fls3), and Wall-associated kinase 1 (Wak1) upon Pst inoculation”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer Nrd1 promotes tomato susceptibility by suppressing Agp1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- Nrd1e0
- Outcome
- tomato susceptibility to Pste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nrd1 protein promotes tomato susceptibility to Pst by suppressing the defense gene Agp1”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.