Abstract
Date (Phoenix dactylifera) seed is a potential source of natural antioxidants, and the use of innovative green and low temperature antioxidant recovery techniques (using CO2 as solvent) such as supercritical fluid (SFE) and subcritical (SubCO2) extractions can improve their yields and quality in the extracts. SFE, SubCO2 and Soxhlet techniques were employed to enrich antioxidants in extracts from Sukari (SKSE), Ambara (AMSE), Majdool (MJSE) and Sagai (SGSE) date seeds. Extract yields were evaluated and modelled for SFE extract using response surface methodology. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) phenolics (143.48−274.98 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (78.35−141.78 mg QE/100 g), anthocyanins (0.39−1.00 mg/100 g), and carotenoid (1.42−1.91 mg BCE/100 g) contents were detected in extracts obtained using SFE and SubCO2 methods. The evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties showed that SFE and SubCO2 seed extracts demonstrated promising antioxidant (13.42−23.83 µg AAE/mL), antiradical (228.76−109.69 µg/mL DPPH IC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.43−2.10 mmol TE/100 g) and ABTS cation scavenging (375.74-717.45 µmol TE/100 g) properties that were significantly higher than Soxhlet extracts. Both SFE and SubCO2 techniques can be effectively utilized as innovative and environmentally friendly alternatives to obtain high quality antioxidant rich extracts from date seed. These extracts may have potential functional and nutraceutical applications.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
SFE and SubCO2 extracts had significantly higher phenolics content.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactyliferat0 - Organ / stage
- Seedt0
- Treatment
- SFE and SubCO2 methodse2
- Outcome
- phenolicse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 143.48−274.98 mg GAE/100 ge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed”
e2“Significantly higher (p < 0.05) phenolics (143.48−274.98 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (78.35−141.78 mg QE/100 g), anthocyanins (0.39−1.00 mg/100 g), and carotenoid (1.42−1.91 mg BCE/100 g) contents were detected in extracts obtained using SFE and SubCO2 methods”
Claim · model-written summary
SFE and SubCO2 extracts had significantly higher flavonoids content.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- Seedt0
- Treatment
- SFE and SubCO2 methodse2
- Outcome
- flavonoidse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 78.35−141.78 mg QE/100 ge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed”
e2“Significantly higher (p < 0.05) phenolics (143.48−274.98 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (78.35−141.78 mg QE/100 g), anthocyanins (0.39−1.00 mg/100 g), and carotenoid (1.42−1.91 mg BCE/100 g) contents were detected in extracts obtained using SFE and SubCO2 methods”
Claim · model-written summary
SFE and SubCO2 extracts had significantly higher anthocyanins content.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- Seedt0
- Treatment
- SFE and SubCO2 methodse2
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 0.39−1.00 mg/100 ge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed”
e2“Significantly higher (p < 0.05) phenolics (143.48−274.98 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (78.35−141.78 mg QE/100 g), anthocyanins (0.39−1.00 mg/100 g), and carotenoid (1.42−1.91 mg BCE/100 g) contents were detected in extracts obtained using SFE and SubCO2 methods”
Claim · model-written summary
SFE and SubCO2 extracts had significantly higher carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- Seedt0
- Treatment
- SFE and SubCO2 methodse2
- Outcome
- carotenoide2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 1.42−1.91 mg BCE/100 ge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed”
e2“Significantly higher (p < 0.05) phenolics (143.48−274.98 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (78.35−141.78 mg QE/100 g), anthocyanins (0.39−1.00 mg/100 g), and carotenoid (1.42−1.91 mg BCE/100 g) contents were detected in extracts obtained using SFE and SubCO2 methods”
Claim · model-written summary
SFE and SubCO2 seed extracts had significantly higher antioxidant activity than Soxhlet extracts.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- Seedt0
- Treatment
- SFE and SubCO2 seed extractse3
- Outcome
- antioxidante3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 13.42−23.83 µg AAE/mLe3
- Comparator
- Soxhlet extractse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed”
e3“The evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties showed that SFE and SubCO2 seed extracts demonstrated promising antioxidant (13.42−23.83 µg AAE/mL), antiradical (228.76−109.69 µg/mL DPPH IC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.43−2.10 mmol TE/100 g) and ABTS cation scavenging (375.74-717.45 µmol TE/100 g) properties that were significantly higher than Soxhlet extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
SFE and SubCO2 seed extracts had significantly higher antiradical activity (DPPH IC50) than Soxhlet extracts, as written.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- Seedt0
- Treatment
- SFE and SubCO2 seed extractse3
- Outcome
- antiradicale3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 228.76−109.69 µg/mL DPPH IC50e3
- Comparator
- Soxhlet extractse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed”
e3“The evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties showed that SFE and SubCO2 seed extracts demonstrated promising antioxidant (13.42−23.83 µg AAE/mL), antiradical (228.76−109.69 µg/mL DPPH IC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.43−2.10 mmol TE/100 g) and ABTS cation scavenging (375.74-717.45 µmol TE/100 g) properties that were significantly higher than Soxhlet extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
SFE and SubCO2 seed extracts had significantly higher ferric reducing antioxidant power than Soxhlet extracts.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- Seedt0
- Treatment
- SFE and SubCO2 seed extractse3
- Outcome
- ferric reducing antioxidant powere3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 1.43−2.10 mmol TE/100 ge3
- Comparator
- Soxhlet extractse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed”
e3“The evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties showed that SFE and SubCO2 seed extracts demonstrated promising antioxidant (13.42−23.83 µg AAE/mL), antiradical (228.76−109.69 µg/mL DPPH IC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.43−2.10 mmol TE/100 g) and ABTS cation scavenging (375.74-717.45 µmol TE/100 g) properties that were significantly higher than Soxhlet extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
SFE and SubCO2 seed extracts had significantly higher ABTS cation scavenging than Soxhlet extracts.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- Seedt0
- Treatment
- SFE and SubCO2 seed extractse3
- Outcome
- ABTS cation scavenginge3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 375.74-717.45 µmol TE/100 ge3
- Comparator
- Soxhlet extractse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed”
e3“The evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties showed that SFE and SubCO2 seed extracts demonstrated promising antioxidant (13.42−23.83 µg AAE/mL), antiradical (228.76−109.69 µg/mL DPPH IC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.43−2.10 mmol TE/100 g) and ABTS cation scavenging (375.74-717.45 µmol TE/100 g) properties that were significantly higher than Soxhlet extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
SFE and SubCO2 can be used as alternatives to obtain high quality antioxidant rich extracts from date seed.
- Taxon
- Phoenix dactyliferaPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- high quality antioxidant rich extractse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Seed”
e4“Both SFE and SubCO2 techniques can be effectively utilized as innovative and environmentally friendly alternatives to obtain high quality antioxidant rich extracts from date seed”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · quality: phytochemicals · Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)Positive and negative results
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.