Abstract
An experiment was conducted in the laboratory and field to study the interaction among three sheath diseases of rice namely sheath blight, sheath spot and aggregated sheath spot and their causal agents, Rhizoctonia solani, R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae. In addition to RFLP-PCR analysis and DNA sequencing of three sheath disease species, antagonism among the species was studied using dual culture technique. The results showed that antagonist, R. solani, inhibited radial growth against test fungi (R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae) from 37.08-46.49%. Disease incidence and severity of sheath blight was not reduced when R. solani was inoculated with either R. oryzae, R. oryzae-sativae, or a combination of the two. However, the incidence and severity of sheath spot and aggregated sheath spot were inhibited significantly when either R. oryzae or R. oryzae-sativae was inoculated with R. Solani. The highest percentage of relative lesion height and infected tiller was found at maturity followed by hard dough and flowering stage. Average yield losses ranged from 13.99-18.62 % when R. solani inoculated with both of R. oryzae-sativae and R. oryzae or any of them while R. solani alone caused 19.15% loss. DNA sequence analysis differentiated R. solani, R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae and phylogenetic tree revealed the close similarity of the species to the isolates of Philippines, Japan and Malaysia, respectively. In HhaI restriction enzyme, fragments 375 and 345 bp were specific for R. solani and 375, 235, and 120 bp was for R. oryzae-sativae which showed identical pattern across the isolates of two species.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani inhibited radial growth of R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae by 37.08-46.49%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Interactor
- R. oryzaeWaitea circinatae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- radial growth against test fungie0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 37.08-46.49%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. solani, inhibited radial growth against test fungi (R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae) from 37.08-46.49%.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani coinoculation with R. oryzae did not reduce rice sheath blight incidence or severity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- R. solani was inoculated with either R. oryzaee0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. oryzaeWaitea circinatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Disease incidence and severity of sheath blighte0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease incidence and severity of sheath blight was not reduced when R. solani was inoculated with either R. oryzae, R. oryzae-sativae, or a combination of the two.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani coinoculation with R. oryzae-sativae did not reduce sheath blight incidence or severity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- R. solani was inoculated with either R. oryzae, R. oryzae-sativaee0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. oryzae-sativaeCeratorhiza oryzae-sativaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- Disease incidence and severity of sheath blighte0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease incidence and severity of sheath blight was not reduced when R. solani was inoculated with either R. oryzae, R. oryzae-sativae, or a combination of the two.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani coinoculation with both other fungi did not reduce sheath blight incidence or severity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- a combination of the twoe0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. oryzaeWaitea circinatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Disease incidence and severity of sheath blighte0
- Direction
- not reducede0
- Qualifier
- R. oryzae-sativaee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease incidence and severity of sheath blight was not reduced when R. solani was inoculated with either R. oryzae, R. oryzae-sativae, or a combination of the two.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani coinoculation with R. oryzae significantly inhibited sheath spot incidence and severity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- R. oryzae or R. oryzae-sativae was inoculated with R. Solanie0
- Interactor
- R. oryzaeWaitea circinatae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. Solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of sheath spote0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the incidence and severity of sheath spot and aggregated sheath spot were inhibited significantly when either R. oryzae or R. oryzae-sativae was inoculated with R. Solani.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani coinoculation with R. oryzae-sativae significantly inhibited aggregated sheath spot incidence and severity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- R. oryzae or R. oryzae-sativae was inoculated with R. Solanie0
- Interactor
- R. oryzae-sativaeCeratorhiza oryzae-sativaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. Solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of sheath spot and aggregated sheath spote0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the incidence and severity of sheath spot and aggregated sheath spot were inhibited significantly when either R. oryzae or R. oryzae-sativae was inoculated with R. Solani.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative lesion height and infected tillers peaked at maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Outcome
- percentage of relative lesion height and infected tillere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest percentage of relative lesion height and infected tiller was found at maturity followed by hard dough and flowering stage.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Coinoculation involving R. solani caused 13.99-18.62 % average rice yield loss.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- R. oryzae-sativaeCeratorhiza oryzae-sativaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- Average yield lossese0
- Value
- 13.99-18.62 %e0
- Qualifier
- R. oryzaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yield losses ranged from 13.99-18.62 % when R. solani inoculated with both of R. oryzae-sativae and R. oryzae or any of them”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani alone caused 19.15% rice yield loss.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- losse0
- Value
- 19.15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. solani alone caused 19.15% loss.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DNA sequencing differentiated the three rice sheath pathogens.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- differentiated R. solani, R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativaee0
- Comparator
- R. oryzaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DNA sequence analysis differentiated R. solani, R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogeny showed close similarity to isolates from Philippines, Japan and Malaysia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- close similarity of the speciese0
- Setting
- Philippines, Japan and Malaysiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phylogenetic tree revealed the close similarity of the species to the isolates of Philippines, Japan and Malaysia, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
HhaI fragments of 375 and 345 bp were specific to R. solani.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- specific for R. solanie0
- Value
- 375 and 345 bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fragments 375 and 345 bp were specific for R. solani”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
HhaI fragments of 375, 235 and 120 bp identified R. oryzae-sativae across isolates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- R. oryzae-sativaeCeratorhiza oryzae-sativaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- identical pattern across the isolates of two speciese0
- Value
- 375, 235, and 120 bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“375, 235, and 120 bp was for R. oryzae-sativae which showed identical pattern across the isolates of two species.”
t0“rice”
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