Abstract
Simultaneous treatment with antagonistic bacteria Bacillus amylolquefaciens (SF14), Alcaligenes faecalis (ACBC1), and the food additive sodium bicarbonate (SBC) to control post-harvest brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructigena, and their effect on the post-harvest quality of nectarines were evaluated. Four concentrations of SBC (0.5, 2, 3.5, and 5%) were tested. Results showed that bacterial antagonists displayed remarkable compatibility with different concentrations of SBC and that their viability was not affected. The results obtained in vitro and in vivo bioassays showed a strong inhibitory effect of all treatments. The combination of each bacterial antagonist with SBC revealed a significant improvement in their biocontrol efficacies. The inhibition rates of mycelial growth ranged from 60.97 to 100%. These results also indicated that bacterial antagonists (SF14 or ACBC1) used at 1 × 108 CFU/ mL in combination with 2, 3.5, or 5% SBC significantly improved the control of M. fructigina by inhibiting the germination of spores. Interestingly, disease incidence and lesion diameter in fruits treated with SF14, ACBC1 alone, or in combination with SBC were significantly lower than those in the untreated fruits. In vivo results showed a significant reduction in disease severity ranging from 9.27 to 64.83% compared to the untreated control, while maintaining the appearance, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) of fruits. These results suggested that the improved disease control by the two antagonistic bacteria was more likely due to the additional inhibitory effects of SBC on the mycelial growth and spore germination of the pathogenic fungus. Overall, the combination of both bacteria with SBC provided better control of brown rot disease. Therefore, a mixture of different management strategies can effectively control brown rot decay on fruits.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of each bacterial antagonist with sodium bicarbonate significantly improved biocontrol efficacy against brown rot of nectarines.
- Taxon
- nectarines
Prunus persica var. nucipersicae1 - Treatment
- combination of each bacterial antagonist with SBCe0
- Outcome
- biocontrol efficaciese0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of each bacterial antagonist with SBC revealed a significant improvement in their biocontrol efficacies”
e1“nectarines”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition rates of Monilinia fructigena mycelial growth ranged from 60.97 to 100%.
- Taxon
- Monilinia fructigena
Monilinia fructigenae1 - Interactor
- Monilinia fructigenaMonilinia fructigenae1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition rates of mycelial growthe0
- Value
- 60.97 to 100%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibition rates of mycelial growth ranged from 60.97 to 100%”
e1“Monilinia fructigena”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial antagonists (SF14 or ACBC1) at 1 x 10^8 CFU/mL combined with 2, 3.5 or 5% SBC significantly improved control of M. fructigina by inhibiting spore germination.
- Taxon
- M. fructiginae0
- Treatment
- bacterial antagonists (SF14 or ACBC1) used at 1 × 108 CFU/ mL in combination with 2, 3.5, or 5% SBCe0
- Interactor
- M. fructiginae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- bacterial antagonistse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- germination of sporese0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“bacterial antagonists (SF14 or ACBC1) used at 1 × 108 CFU/ mL in combination with 2, 3.5, or 5% SBC significantly improved the control of M. fructigina by inhibiting the germination of spores”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence and lesion diameter in nectarines treated with SF14, ACBC1 alone or combined with SBC were significantly lower than in untreated fruits.
- Taxon
- nectarinesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Treatment
- SF14, ACBC1 alone, or in combination with SBCe0
- Outcome
- disease incidence and lesion diametere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease incidence and lesion diameter in fruits treated with SF14, ACBC1 alone, or in combination with SBC were significantly lower than those in the untreated fruits”
e1“nectarines”
Claim · model-written summary
In vivo, disease severity was significantly reduced by 9.27 to 64.83% compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- nectarinesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 9.27 to 64.83%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction in disease severity ranging from 9.27 to 64.83% compared to the untreated control”
e1“nectarines”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments maintained the appearance and firmness of nectarines.
- Taxon
- nectarinesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- appearance, firmnesse0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintaining the appearance, firmness”
e1“nectarines”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments maintained total soluble solids and titratable acidity of nectarines.
- Taxon
- nectarinesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA)e0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintaining the appearance, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA)”
e1“nectarines”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial antagonists were compatible with different SBC concentrations and their viability was not affected.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial antagonists displayed remarkable compatibility with different concentrations of SBC and that their viability was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro and in vivo bioassays showed a strong inhibitory effect of all treatments.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained in vitro and in vivo bioassays showed a strong inhibitory effect of all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of both bacteria with SBC provided better control of brown rot disease on nectarines.
- Taxon
- nectarinesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Treatment
- combination of both bacteria with SBCe0
- Outcome
- control of brown rot diseasee0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of both bacteria with SBC provided better control of brown rot disease”
e1“nectarines”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest improved disease control was more likely due to additional inhibitory effects of SBC on mycelial growth and spore germination of the pathogenic fungus.
- Taxon
- nectarinesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Treatment
- SBCe0
- Outcome
- improved disease controle0
- Qualifier
- inhibitory effects of SBC on the mycelial growth and spore germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the improved disease control by the two antagonistic bacteria was more likely due to the additional inhibitory effects of SBC on the mycelial growth and spore germination of the pathogenic fungus”
e1“nectarines”
Claim · model-written summary
A mixture of different management strategies can effectively control brown rot decay on fruits.
Verbatim
e0“a mixture of different management strategies can effectively control brown rot decay on fruits”
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