Abstract
Grain size is an important trait that directly affects grain yield in rice; however, the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating grain size remain unclear. In this study, we identified a mutant, grain length and grain weight 10 (glw10), which exhibited significantly reduced grain length and grain weight. Histological analysis demonstrated that GLW10 affects cell expansion, which regulates grain size. MutMap-based gene mapping and transgenic experiments demonstrated that GLW10 encodes a putative brassinosteroid (BR) signalling kinase, OsBSK2. OsBSK2 is a plasma membrane protein, and an N-myristoylation site is needed for both membrane localization and function. OsBSK2 directly interacts with the BR receptor kinase OsBRI1; however, genetic experiments have demonstrated that OsBSK2 may regulate grain size independent of the BR signalling pathway. OsBSK2 can form a homodimer or heterodimer with OsBSK3 and OsBSK4, and silencing OsBSK2, OsBSK3, and OsBSK4 reduce grain size. This indicates that OsBSKs seem to function as homodimers or heterodimers to positively regulate grain size in rice. OsBSK2/3/4 are all highly expressed in young panicles and spikelet hulls, suggesting that they control grain size. In summary, our results provide novel insights into the function of BSKs in rice, and identify novel targets for improving grain size during crop breeding.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The glw10 mutant had significantly reduced grain length and weight.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- glw10e0
- Outcome
- grain length and grain weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutant, grain length and grain weight 10 (glw10), which exhibited significantly reduced grain length and grain weight.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GLW10 affected cell expansion in grain-size regulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- GLW10e0
- Outcome
- cell expansione0
- Qualifier
- regulates grain sizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Histological analysis demonstrated that GLW10 affects cell expansion, which regulates grain size.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GLW10 was identified as encoding OsBSK2, a putative BR signalling kinase.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- GLW10e0
- Outcome
- putative brassinosteroid (BR) signalling kinase, OsBSK2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GLW10 encodes a putative brassinosteroid (BR) signalling kinase, OsBSK2.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsBSK2 localizes to the plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsBSK2e0
- Outcome
- plasma membrane proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsBSK2 is a plasma membrane protein”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
An N-myristoylation site was needed for OsBSK2 membrane localization and function.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsBSK2t0
- Outcome
- membrane localization and functione0
- Qualifier
- N-myristoylation sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an N-myristoylation site is needed for both membrane localization and function.”
t0“OsBSK2, a putative brassinosteroid-signalling kinase, positively controls grain size in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsBSK2 directly interacted with OsBRI1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsBSK2e0
- Outcome
- directly interacts with the BR receptor kinase OsBRI1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsBSK2 directly interacts with the BR receptor kinase OsBRI1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic experiments suggested OsBSK2 may regulate grain size independently of BR signalling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsBSK2e0
- Outcome
- grain sizee0
- Qualifier
- independent of the BR signalling pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genetic experiments have demonstrated that OsBSK2 may regulate grain size independent of the BR signalling pathway.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsBSK2 formed a homodimer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsBSK2e0
- Outcome
- homodimere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsBSK2 can form a homodimer or heterodimer with OsBSK3 and OsBSK4”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsBSK2 formed heterodimers with OsBSK3 and OsBSK4.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsBSK2e0
- Outcome
- heterodimer with OsBSK3 and OsBSK4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsBSK2 can form a homodimer or heterodimer with OsBSK3 and OsBSK4”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing OsBSK2, OsBSK3 and OsBSK4 reduced grain size.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- silencing OsBSK2, OsBSK3, and OsBSK4e0
- Outcome
- grain sizee0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing OsBSK2, OsBSK3, and OsBSK4 reduce grain size.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsBSK2, OsBSK3 and OsBSK4 were highly expressed in young panicles and spikelet hulls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- young panicles and spikelet hullse0
- Gene
- OsBSK2/3/4e0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsBSK2/3/4 are all highly expressed in young panicles and spikelet hulls”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 134 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.