Abstract
During 1961 and 1962, a series of experiments was conducted to study the effects of plant growth regulators and pinching on the branching in Pisum sativum L.The varieties used were GW (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense) and Alaska and Usui (Pisum sativum L. var. hortense). The seeds were sown in the field in October, 1961 (Experiment I.) and in April and May, 1962 (Experiment II, III). The plants were grown under natural daylength or under artificial 8-hour short-day condition. Pinching was realized by removing the terminal growing point of main shoot at the stage of 5_??_10 leaves. And at this stage, once or twice at one-week intervals, some plants were sprayed with water solutions of plant growth regulators(10ppm of gibberellin and 10 or 50 ppm of 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid). The solutions were applied whole in plant sprays. As the wetting agent was utilized 0.15% of carbowax (M.W.: 1500).The results are summarized in Tables 1_??_3 and Figs. 12 for the Experiment I, in Tables 4_??_5 and Figs. 3_??_5 for the Experiment II, and in Tables 6_??_9 and Figs. 6-8 for the Experiment III.In all the varieties tested, 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) increased significantly the number of primary branches and further in GW and Alaska accelerated the development of secondary branches. As the consequence, the total number of branches in these two varieties are always greater in the TIBA-treated lots, while in Usui, a variety that develops more dominantly secondary branches, a decrease of the total number of branches was observed in the lots treated with TIBA.The response of pea to gibberellin with reference to the branching varied among the varieties and according to the growing season. In the experiment from October to June, gibberellin decreased the effect of pinching in all the varieties, but in the experiment from May to June the spray of gibberellin nulified the pinching effect in Alaska and Usui but not in GW.Pinching accelerated the development of both primary and secondary branches for all the varieties tested. This trend was remarkably accentuated under long-day condition, though in Usui which is able to produce branches on higher nodes of main shoot, pinching inevitably resulted in a decrease of the total number of branches.TIBA, though in a lesser degree than gibberellin, encourages the growth of individual branches developed, resulting in an increase of total branch length per plant. TIBA and gibberellin exert a remakable influence on the distribution of branches on the main shoot: TIBA favours the production of branches on lower nodes and arrests the branching on higher ones, while on the contrary gibberellin stimulates the branching on higher nodes, restricting that on lower ones.These features lead us to visualize a similarity between the effect of daylength and that of the plant growth regulators in such a respect that gibberellin is comparable in its effect to long-day and TIBA to short-day.As for the effect of TIBA on the number of flowers per plant, no consistent trend was presented. for all the varieties tested. In GW, branching of which is remarkably stimulated by TIBA, the number of flowers is likewise significantly increased.In the plants treated with gibberellin, a decrease in the number of flowers was generally observed.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA significantly increased primary branch number in all tested pea varieties.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)e0
- Outcome
- number of primary branchese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all the varieties tested, 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) increased significantly the number of primary branches”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA accelerated secondary branch development in GW and Alaska.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- GW and Alaskae0
- Treatment
- TIBAt1
- Outcome
- development of secondary branchese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in GW and Alaska accelerated the development of secondary branches”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
t1“TIBA-treated lots”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA increased total branch number in GW and Alaska.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- GW and Alaskat1
- Treatment
- TIBA-treated lotse0
- Outcome
- total number of branchese0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total number of branches in these two varieties are always greater in the TIBA-treated lots”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
t1“GW and Alaska”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA decreased total branch number in Usui.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Usuie0
- Treatment
- treated with TIBAe0
- Outcome
- total number of branchese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Usui, a variety that develops more dominantly secondary branches, a decrease of the total number of branches was observed in the lots treated with TIBA”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin reduced the effect of pinching on branching in all varieties in the October-to-June experiment.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- gibberelline0
- Outcome
- effect of pinchinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- October to Junee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the experiment from October to June, gibberellin decreased the effect of pinching in all the varieties”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin nullified the pinching effect in Alaska and Usui in the May-to-June experiment.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Alaska and Usuie0
- Treatment
- spray of gibberelline0
- Outcome
- pinching effecte0
- Direction
- nulifiede0
- Qualifier
- May to Junee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the experiment from May to June the spray of gibberellin nulified the pinching effect in Alaska and Usui but not in GW”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin did not nullify the pinching effect in GW in the May-to-June experiment.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- GWe0
- Treatment
- spray of gibberelline0
- Outcome
- pinching effecte0
- Direction
- note0
- Qualifier
- May to Junee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the experiment from May to June the spray of gibberellin nulified the pinching effect in Alaska and Usui but not in GW”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinching accelerated development of primary and secondary branches across varieties.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Pinchinge0
- Outcome
- development of both primary and secondary branchese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pinching accelerated the development of both primary and secondary branches for all the varieties tested.”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-day conditions accentuated the branch-development response to pinching.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- This trende0
- Direction
- accentuatede0
- Setting
- long-day conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This trend was remarkably accentuated under long-day condition”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pinching decreased total branch number in Usui.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Usuie0
- Treatment
- pinchinge0
- Outcome
- total number of branchese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Usui which is able to produce branches on higher nodes of main shoot, pinching inevitably resulted in a decrease of the total number of branches”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA encouraged individual branch growth and increased total branch length per plant.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- TIBAe0
- Outcome
- total branch length per plante0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- gibberelline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TIBA, though in a lesser degree than gibberellin, encourages the growth of individual branches developed, resulting in an increase of total branch length per plant.”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA favored lower-node branching and arrested higher-node branching.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- TIBAe0
- Outcome
- production of branches on lower nodese0
- Direction
- favourse0
- Qualifier
- arrests the branching on higher onese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TIBA favours the production of branches on lower nodes and arrests the branching on higher ones”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin stimulated higher-node branching and restricted lower-node branching.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- gibberelline0
- Outcome
- branching on higher nodese0
- Direction
- stimulatese0
- Qualifier
- restricting that on lower onese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellin stimulates the branching on higher nodes, restricting that on lower ones”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA had no consistent effect on flower number across varieties.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- TIBAe0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plante0
- Direction
- no consistent trende0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As for the effect of TIBA on the number of flowers per plant, no consistent trend was presented.”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
TIBA significantly increased flower number in GW.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- GWe0
- Treatment
- TIBAe0
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In GW, branching of which is remarkably stimulated by TIBA, the number of flowers is likewise significantly increased.”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin generally decreased flower number.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- treated with gibberelline0
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the plants treated with gibberellin, a decrease in the number of flowers was generally observed.”
t0“Pisum sativum L.”
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