Abstract
Anatomical structure variation in roots and stems of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) plants, cultivated in pot experiment during the two successive growing summer seasons of 2014 and 2015 as affected by cultivar susceptibility to acremonium wilt disease, Acremonium strictum infection and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) root colonization as biocontrol agent were investigated. Root of resistant cultivar (Dorado) has more epidermis and exodermis thickness, diameter of root and pith as well as average number of xylem arms/ vascular cylinder but less cortex thickness and metaxylem vessel diameter in comparison with those of the susceptible one (Giza 54). Infection of susceptible cultivar plants by A. strictum markedly reduced all tested anatomical measurements of roots and stems compared to uninfected one. Hyphae and spores of A. strictum were observed into metaxylem vessels. Marked disintegration and loosening of some cortex cells, pith and metaxylem vessels. The same trend was observed in ground tissue and vascular bundles of stem. Colonization of roots by AMF considerably increased all tested roots and stems anatomical measurements, except metaxylem vessel diameter compared to untreated control. These results may explain the role of AMF root colonization in inducing defense responses grain sorghum as mycorrhizal fungi plant. Inoculation of grain sorghum cv. (Giza 54) by AMF markedly enhanced plant growth expressed as dry weight of roots and shoot as well as soil rhizosphere dehydrogenase activity whereas, disease incidence was reduced by 65% compared to uninoculated plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant Dorado roots had thicker epidermis and exodermis, larger root and pith diameter, and more xylem arms than Giza 54.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolort0 - Material
- Doradoe0
- Organ / stage
- Roote0
- Outcome
- epidermis and exodermis thickness, diameter of root and pith as well as average number of xylem arms/ vascular cylindere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- Giza 54e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root of resistant cultivar (Dorado) has more epidermis and exodermis thickness, diameter of root and pith as well as average number of xylem arms/ vascular cylinder but less cortex thickness and metaxylem vessel diameter in comparison with those of the susceptible one (Giza 54).”
t0“GRAIN SORGHUM”
Claim · model-written summary
Dorado roots had less cortex thickness and metaxylem vessel diameter than Giza 54.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- Doradoe0
- Organ / stage
- Roote0
- Outcome
- cortex thickness and metaxylem vessel diametere0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- Giza 54e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root of resistant cultivar (Dorado) has more epidermis and exodermis thickness, diameter of root and pith as well as average number of xylem arms/ vascular cylinder but less cortex thickness and metaxylem vessel diameter in comparison with those of the susceptible one (Giza 54).”
t0“GRAIN SORGHUM”
Claim · model-written summary
A. strictum infection reduced measured root and stem anatomy in susceptible plants.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Infection of susceptible cultivar plants by A. strictume0
- Interactor
- A. strictum
Sarocladium strictume0pathogen - Outcome
- all tested anatomical measurements of roots and stemse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- uninfected onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection of susceptible cultivar plants by A. strictum markedly reduced all tested anatomical measurements of roots and stems compared to uninfected one.”
t0“GRAIN SORGHUM”
Claim · model-written summary
A. strictum hyphae and spores were observed in metaxylem vessels.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Interactor
- A. strictumSarocladium strictume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Hyphae and spores of A. strictum were observed into metaxylem vesselse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hyphae and spores of A. strictum were observed into metaxylem vessels.”
t0“GRAIN SORGHUM”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected roots showed cortex, pith and metaxylem disintegration and loosening.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- disintegration and loosening of some cortex cells, pith and metaxylem vesselse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Marked disintegration and loosening of some cortex cells, pith and metaxylem vessels.”
t0“GRAIN SORGHUM”
Claim · model-written summary
A similar pattern was observed in stem ground tissue and vascular bundles.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- same trend was observed in ground tissue and vascular bundles of steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same trend was observed in ground tissue and vascular bundles of stem.”
t0“GRAIN SORGHUM”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization increased most measured root and stem anatomy relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Colonization of roots by AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- all tested roots and stems anatomical measurementse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colonization of roots by AMF considerably increased all tested roots and stems anatomical measurements, except metaxylem vessel diameter compared to untreated control.”
t0“GRAIN SORGHUM”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization did not increase metaxylem vessel diameter with the other anatomical measurements.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Colonization of roots by AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- metaxylem vessel diametere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colonization of roots by AMF considerably increased all tested roots and stems anatomical measurements, except metaxylem vessel diameter compared to untreated control.”
t0“GRAIN SORGHUM”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased root and shoot dry weight in Giza 54.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- Giza 54e0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of grain sorghum cv. (Giza 54) by AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- dry weight of roots and shoote0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of grain sorghum cv. (Giza 54) by AMF markedly enhanced plant growth expressed as dry weight of roots and shoot as well as soil rhizosphere dehydrogenase activity whereas, disease incidence was reduced by 65% compared to uninoculated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased soil rhizosphere dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- Giza 54e0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of grain sorghum cv. (Giza 54) by AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil rhizosphere dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of grain sorghum cv. (Giza 54) by AMF markedly enhanced plant growth expressed as dry weight of roots and shoot as well as soil rhizosphere dehydrogenase activity whereas, disease incidence was reduced by 65% compared to uninoculated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation reduced disease incidence by 65% compared with uninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- Giza 54e0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of grain sorghum cv. (Giza 54) by AMFe0
- Interactor
- ACREMONIUMAcremoniumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of grain sorghum cv. (Giza 54) by AMF markedly enhanced plant growth expressed as dry weight of roots and shoot as well as soil rhizosphere dehydrogenase activity whereas, disease incidence was reduced by 65% compared to uninoculated plants.”
t0“ACREMONIUM WILT DISEASE”
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