Abstract
This experiment was conducted in rainfed semi-arid tropical Alfisol at Hayathnagar Research Farm of Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India, during the period 2005 to 2010 to study the long-term effect of varying levels of surface residue application under minimum tillage on crop yields and soil quality in sorghum-cowpea system. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with minimum tillage (MT) as main block. The experimental treatments comprised of application of four levels of dry sorghum residues (@ 0, 2, 4 and 6 t/ha) as surface application. After 6th year of the experimentation, the pooled mean sorghum grain yield varied from 1607 to 1819 kg/ha across the treatments and was significantly influenced by the residue application. The percent increase in pooled grain yields with residue application @ 2, 4 and 6 t/ha was to the extent of 5, 9 and 13.0% respectively over the control (no residue application). Similarly, the pooled mean cowpea yield varied from 335 to 541 kg/ha across the treatments and was significantly influenced by the residue application. The percent increase in cowpea grain yield with @ 2, 4 and 6 t/ha was to the extent of 28, 61 and 45% respectively no residue application. Significantly higher organic carbon (6.80 g/kg) content was recorded with the application of sorghum stover @ 6 t/ha which was 55.89% higher compared to control (4.36 g/kg). The increase in available N with the application of 6t and 4t crop residue was to the extent of 19.5 and 28% respectively while significantly higher contents of soil available P (10.67 kg/ha) and K (288.8 kg/ha) were observed with application of sorghum residue @ 4 t/ha. Among the biological properties, significantly higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were recorded with the application of sorghum stover @ 4 t/ha. Besides reducing the bulk density, the application of residues had a significant influence on the mean weight diameter (MWD) of the soil aggregates. The highest overall soil quality index (SQI: 9.58) was observed with the residue application @ 6 t/ha. A significant positive relationship was observed between SQI and pooled cowpea seed yield (R2=0.82) and pooled sorghum grain yield (R2=0.69).
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Residue at 2 t/ha raised pooled sorghum grain yield by 5% over no residue.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- residue application @ 2, 4 and 6 t/hae0
- Outcome
- pooled grain yieldse0
- Direction
- percent increasee0
- Value
- 5e0
- Comparator
- control (no residue application)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent increase in pooled grain yields with residue application @ 2, 4 and 6 t/ha was to the extent of 5, 9 and 13.0% respectively over the control (no residue application)”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue at 4 t/ha raised pooled sorghum grain yield by 9% over no residue.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- residue application @ 2, 4 and 6 t/hae0
- Outcome
- pooled grain yieldse0
- Direction
- percent increasee0
- Value
- 9e0
- Comparator
- control (no residue application)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent increase in pooled grain yields with residue application @ 2, 4 and 6 t/ha was to the extent of 5, 9 and 13.0% respectively over the control (no residue application)”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue at 6 t/ha raised pooled sorghum grain yield by 13.0% over no residue.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- residue application @ 2, 4 and 6 t/hae0
- Outcome
- pooled grain yieldse0
- Direction
- percent increasee0
- Value
- 13.0%e0
- Comparator
- control (no residue application)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent increase in pooled grain yields with residue application @ 2, 4 and 6 t/ha was to the extent of 5, 9 and 13.0% respectively over the control (no residue application)”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue at 2 t/ha raised pooled cowpea grain yield by 28% over no residue.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- with @ 2, 4 and 6 t/hae1
- Outcome
- cowpea grain yielde1
- Direction
- percent increasee1
- Value
- 28e1
- Comparator
- no residue applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The percent increase in cowpea grain yield with @ 2, 4 and 6 t/ha was to the extent of 28, 61 and 45% respectively no residue application”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue at 4 t/ha raised pooled cowpea grain yield by 61% over no residue.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- with @ 2, 4 and 6 t/hae1
- Outcome
- cowpea grain yielde1
- Direction
- percent increasee1
- Value
- 61e1
- Comparator
- no residue applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The percent increase in cowpea grain yield with @ 2, 4 and 6 t/ha was to the extent of 28, 61 and 45% respectively no residue application”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue at 6 t/ha raised pooled cowpea grain yield by 45% over no residue.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- with @ 2, 4 and 6 t/hae1
- Outcome
- cowpea grain yielde1
- Direction
- percent increasee1
- Value
- 45%e1
- Comparator
- no residue applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The percent increase in cowpea grain yield with @ 2, 4 and 6 t/ha was to the extent of 28, 61 and 45% respectively no residue application”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum stover at 6 t/ha gave significantly higher soil organic carbon (6.80 g/kg) than control.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- application of sorghum stover @ 6 t/hae2
- Outcome
- organic carbon (6.80 g/kg) contente2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 6.80 g/kge2
- Qualifier
- 55.89% higher compared to control (4.36 g/kg)e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Significantly higher organic carbon (6.80 g/kg) content was recorded with the application of sorghum stover @ 6 t/ha which was 55.89% higher compared to control (4.36 g/kg)”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue at 6 t/ha increased available N by 19.5%.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- 6t and 4t crop residuee3
- Outcome
- increase in available Ne3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 19.5e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The increase in available N with the application of 6t and 4t crop residue was to the extent of 19.5 and 28% respectively”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue at 4 t/ha increased available N by 28%.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- 6t and 4t crop residuee3
- Outcome
- increase in available Ne3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 28%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The increase in available N with the application of 6t and 4t crop residue was to the extent of 19.5 and 28% respectively”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum residue at 4 t/ha gave significantly higher soil available P (10.67 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- application of sorghum residue @ 4 t/hae4
- Outcome
- soil available Pe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 10.67 kg/hae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“while significantly higher contents of soil available P (10.67 kg/ha) and K (288.8 kg/ha) were observed with application of sorghum residue @ 4 t/ha”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum residue at 4 t/ha gave significantly higher soil available K (288.8 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- application of sorghum residue @ 4 t/hae4
- Outcome
- Ke4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 288.8 kg/hae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“while significantly higher contents of soil available P (10.67 kg/ha) and K (288.8 kg/ha) were observed with application of sorghum residue @ 4 t/ha”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum stover at 4 t/ha gave significantly higher microbial biomass carbon.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- application of sorghum stover @ 4 t/hae5
- Outcome
- microbial biomass carbon (MBC)e5
- Direction
- highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Among the biological properties, significantly higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were recorded with the application of sorghum stover @ 4 t/ha”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum stover at 4 t/ha gave significantly higher dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- application of sorghum stover @ 4 t/hae5
- Outcome
- dehydrogenase activity (DHA)e5
- Direction
- highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Among the biological properties, significantly higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were recorded with the application of sorghum stover @ 4 t/ha”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue application reduced soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- the application of residuese6
- Outcome
- bulk densitye6
- Direction
- reducinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Besides reducing the bulk density, the application of residues had a significant influence on the mean weight diameter (MWD) of the soil aggregates”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue application had a significant influence on mean weight diameter of soil aggregates.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- the application of residuese6
- Outcome
- mean weight diameter (MWD) of the soil aggregatese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Besides reducing the bulk density, the application of residues had a significant influence on the mean weight diameter (MWD) of the soil aggregates”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue at 6 t/ha gave the highest overall soil quality index (9.58).
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- residue application @ 6 t/hae7
- Outcome
- overall soil quality indexe7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 9.58e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The highest overall soil quality index (SQI: 9.58) was observed with the residue application @ 6 t/ha”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
SQI showed a significant positive relationship with pooled cowpea seed yield (R2=0.82).
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- SQI and pooled cowpea seed yielde7
- Direction
- positivee7
- Value
- R2=0.82e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“A significant positive relationship was observed between SQI and pooled cowpea seed yield (R2=0.82) and pooled sorghum grain yield (R2=0.69)”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
Claim · model-written summary
SQI showed a significant positive relationship with pooled sorghum grain yield (R2=0.69).
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- pooled sorghum grain yielde7
- Direction
- positivee7
- Value
- R2=0.69e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“A significant positive relationship was observed between SQI and pooled cowpea seed yield (R2=0.82) and pooled sorghum grain yield (R2=0.69)”
t0“Effect of surface residue management under minimum tillage on crop yield and soil quality indices after 6 years in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench)-Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) system in rainfed alfisols”
The same questions in other papers
Sorghum · soil: chemistry · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Sorghum · soil: biology · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
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Sorghum · nutrient: content · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
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- positive
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organic · soil: chemistry · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.