Abstract
In the present study, the possibility of enhancing cold stress tolerance of young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr) by exogenous application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was investigated. ALA was applied at various concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mM) by seed priming and foliar application method. After ALA treatment, the plants were subjected to cold stress at 10 ± 0.5 °C for 72 h. Cold stress significantly decreased plant growth, relative water content, chlorophyll, photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity, while it increased electrolyte leakage and proline accumulation. ALA at low concentrations (0.3 mM) protected plants against cold stress, enhancing plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity as well as relative water content. Increase of electrolyte leakage was also prevented by 0.6 mM ALA. ALA also enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities at 0.6 mM concentration especially under cold stress conditions. Proline increased with increasing in ALA concentration under both temperature conditions. In most cases, application of ALA by spraying method was better than seed priming method. Results showed that ALA, which is considered as an endogenous plant growth regulator, can be used effectively to protect soybean plants from the damaging effects of cold stress, by enhancing the activity of antioxidative enzymes, protecting cell membrane against reactive oxygen species and finally by promoting chlorophyll synthesis, leading to more intense photosynthesis and more carbon fixation, without any adverse effect on the plant growth.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress reduced growth, water content, chlorophyll, photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Cold stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growth, relative water content, chlorophyll, photosynthesis and stomatal conductivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress significantly decreased plant growth, relative water content, chlorophyll, photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity”
e1“young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress increased electrolyte leakage and proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Cold stresse0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage and proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress significantly decreased plant growth, relative water content, chlorophyll, photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity, while it increased electrolyte leakage and proline accumulation.”
e1“young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr)”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA at 0.3 mM enhanced plant height and shoot fresh and dry weight under cold stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ALA at low concentrations (0.3 mM)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, shoot fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- cold stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALA at low concentrations (0.3 mM) protected plants against cold stress, enhancing plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity as well as relative water content.”
e1“young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr)”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA at 0.3 mM enhanced chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity under cold stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ALA at low concentrations (0.3 mM)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductivitye0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- cold stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALA at low concentrations (0.3 mM) protected plants against cold stress, enhancing plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity as well as relative water content.”
e1“young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr)”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA at 0.3 mM enhanced relative water content under cold stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ALA at low concentrations (0.3 mM)e0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- cold stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALA at low concentrations (0.3 mM) protected plants against cold stress, enhancing plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity as well as relative water content.”
e1“young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr)”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA at 0.6 mM prevented an increase in electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 0.6 mM ALAe0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase of electrolyte leakage was also prevented by 0.6 mM ALA.”
e1“young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr)”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA at 0.6 mM increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, especially under cold stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ALAe0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase and catalase activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- at 0.6 mM concentration especially under cold stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALA also enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities at 0.6 mM concentration especially under cold stress conditions.”
e1“young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean proline rose with increasing ALA concentration under both temperature conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ALA concentratione0
- Outcome
- Prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under both temperature conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline increased with increasing in ALA concentration under both temperature conditions.”
e1“young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying ALA generally performed better than seed priming.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- application of ALA by spraying methode0
- Outcome
- bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- seed priming methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most cases, application of ALA by spraying method was better than seed priming method.”
e1“young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude ALA can protect soybean from cold stress without adverse growth effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- can be used effectively to protect soybean plants from the damaging effects of cold stresse0
- Qualifier
- without any adverse effect on the plant growthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALA, which is considered as an endogenous plant growth regulator, can be used effectively to protect soybean plants from the damaging effects of cold stress”
e1“without any adverse effect on the plant growth.”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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5-aminolevulinic acid · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
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5-aminolevulinic acid · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
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cold · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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- negative
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See all 8 papers →cold · physiology: oxidative · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.