Abstract
Low root temperature effects on vegetative growth of soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16) were examined in 35 day old plants exposed to temperatures of 15 degrees C (shoots at 25 degrees C) for an 11 day period. Duing this period various aspects of C and N assimilation and partitioning were monitored including shoot night and nodulated root respiration, C and N partitioning to six plant parts, C(2)H(2) reduction, H(2) evolution, leaf area, transpiration, net photosynthesis, and N(2) fixation. The low temperature treatment resulted in a decrease in the net rate of N(2) fixation but nitrogenase relative efficiency increased. In response, the plant retained N in the tissues of the nodulated root and decreased N partitioning to young shoot tissues, thereby inducing the remobilization of N from older leaves, and reducing leaf area development. The leaf area specific rate of net photosynthesis was not affected over the study period; however, shoot and nodulated root respiration declined. Consequently, C accumulated in mature leaves and stems, partly in the form of increased starch reserves. Three possibilities were considered for increasing low temperature tolerance in nodulated soybeans: (a) decrease in temperature optima for nitrogenase, (b) increased development of nodules and N(2) fixation capacity at low temperature, and (c) alterations in the pattern of C and N partitioning in response to low temperature conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Low root temperature decreased the net rate of soybean nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- low temperature treatmente0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16e1symbiont
- Outcome
- net rate of N(2) fixatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low temperature treatment resulted in a decrease in the net rate of N(2) fixation”
e1“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root temperature increased soybean nitrogenase relative efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- low temperature treatmente1
- Interactor
- Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16e2symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogenase relative efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogenase relative efficiency increased”
e1“The low temperature treatment”
e2“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root temperature increased nitrogen retention in nodulated soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- low temperature treatmente1
- Interactor
- Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16e2symbiont
- Outcome
- N in the tissues of the nodulated roote0
- Direction
- retainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plant retained N in the tissues of the nodulated root”
e1“The low temperature treatment”
e2“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root temperature decreased nitrogen partitioning to young soybean shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- low temperature treatmente1
- Outcome
- N partitioning to young shoot tissuese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased N partitioning to young shoot tissues”
e1“The low temperature treatment”
e2“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root temperature induced nitrogen remobilization from older soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- low temperature treatmente1
- Outcome
- remobilization of N from older leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inducing the remobilization of N from older leaves”
e1“The low temperature treatment”
e2“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root temperature reduced soybean leaf area development.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- low temperature treatmente1
- Outcome
- leaf area developmente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing leaf area development”
e1“The low temperature treatment”
e2“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root temperature did not affect leaf-area-specific soybean net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- low temperature treatmente1
- Outcome
- leaf area specific rate of net photosynthesise0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area specific rate of net photosynthesis was not affected over the study period”
e1“The low temperature treatment”
e2“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root temperature decreased soybean shoot and nodulated-root respiration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- low temperature treatmente1
- Outcome
- shoot and nodulated root respiratione0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot and nodulated root respiration declined”
e1“The low temperature treatment”
e2“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon accumulated in mature soybean leaves and stems.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- C accumulated in mature leaves and stemse0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C accumulated in mature leaves and stems”
e1“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean starch reserves increased.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- starch reservese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased starch reserves”
e1“soybean (Harosoy 63 x Rhizobium japonicum USDA 16)”
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