Abstract
Results of greenhouse and laboratory experiments on factors influencing uptake and accumulation of Cd by economic crops are summarized. Tolerance to Cd is highly crop-specific. For example, 21 different economic crops were grown in pots filled with a calcareous soil treated with increasing amounts of Cd. Yields versus Cd addition rate relations showed yield reductions to occur with Cd sensitive plants (spinach, soybean, curlycress, and lettuce) at addition rates varying from 5 to 15 μg Cd/g soil, whereas tolerant crops (tomato, squash, cabbage, and rice) did not suffer a yield reduction when treated at rates less than 150 μg Cd/g soil. Nutrient solution experiments likewise revealed marked differences in growth of crops. Corn, turnip, beets, bean, and tomato plants grown in solution cultures containing 0.1 μg Cd/ml accumulated different amounts of Cd in leaf tissue depending upon crop species; leaf Cd concentrations ranged from a low of 9 μg Cd/g leaf for beans to 200 μg Cd/g leaf for beets. Large differences also occur with regard to distribution of Cd within the plant. Fruit and seed tissue contain less Cd than leaves. Experiments comparing the toxicity of Cd to Cu, Ni, and Zn in an acid soil ± lime showed Cd to be the most phytotoxic. While interactive effects occur with regard to metal uptake and accumulation by plants, Cd uptake is essentially dependent upon the Cd concentration of the soil. Studies of chemical speciation of Cd in relation to Cd availability indicate that the free Cd2+ concentration correlates better with Cd uptake than Cd total of the soil solution.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-sensitive crops had yield reductions at addition rates of 5 to 15 μg Cd/g soil.
- Taxon
- spinach, soybean, curlycress, and lettucee0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 5 to 15 μg Cd/g soile0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“yield reductions to occur with Cd sensitive plants (spinach, soybean, curlycress, and lettuce) at addition rates varying from 5 to 15 μg Cd/g soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-tolerant crops had no yield reduction below 150 μg Cd/g soil.
- Taxon
- tomato, squash, cabbage, and ricee0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not suffer a yield reductione0
- Value
- less than 150 μg Cd/g soile0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“tolerant crops (tomato, squash, cabbage, and rice) did not suffer a yield reduction when treated at rates less than 150 μg Cd/g soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop growth differed markedly in nutrient solution experiments.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient solution experiments likewise revealed marked differences in growth of crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean leaves accumulated 9 μg Cd/g leaf in solution culture.
Verbatim
e0“leaf Cd concentrations ranged from a low of 9 μg Cd/g leaf for beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Beet leaves accumulated 200 μg Cd/g leaf in solution culture.
- Taxon
- beets
Beta vulgarise0 - Outcome
- Cde0
- Value
- 200 μg Cd/g leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 μg Cd/g leaf for beets”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and seed tissues contained less cadmium than leaves.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit and seed tissue contain less Cd than leaves”
t0“Food Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium was more phytotoxic than copper, nickel and zinc in acid soil with or without lime.
Verbatim
e0“Experiments comparing the toxicity of Cd to Cu, Ni, and Zn in an acid soil ± lime showed Cd to be the most phytotoxic”
t0“Food Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant cadmium uptake depended essentially on soil cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Compound
- Cd concentration of the soile0
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Cd uptake is essentially dependent upon the Cd concentration of the soil”
e1“uptake and accumulation by plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Free Cd2+ concentration correlated better with cadmium uptake than total cadmium in soil solution.
Verbatim
e0“free Cd2+ concentration correlates better with Cd uptake than Cd total of the soil solution”
t0“Food Crops”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.