Abstract
Results of greenhouse and laboratory experiments on factors influencing uptake and accumulation of Cd by economic crops are summarized.Tolerance to Cd is highly crop-specific. For example, 21 different economic crops were grown in pots filled with a calcareous soil treated with increasing amounts of Cd. Yields versus Cd addition rate relations showed yield reductions to occur with Cd sensitive plants (spinach, soybean, curlycress, and lettuce) at addition rates varying from 5 to 15 mug Cd/g soil, whereas tolerant crops (tomato, squash, cabbage, and rice) did not suffer a yield reduction when treated at rates less than 150 mug Cd/g soil. Nutrient solution experiments likewise revealed marked differences in growth of crops. Corn, turnip, beets, bean, and tomato plants grown in solution cultures containing 0.1 mug Cd/ml accumulated different amounts of Cd in leaf tissue depending upon crop species; leaf Cd concentrations ranged from a low of 9 mug Cd/g leaf for beans to 200 mug Cd/g leaf for beets. Large differences also occur with regard to distribution of Cd within the plant. Fruit and seed tissue contain less Cd than leaves. Experiments comparing the toxicity of Cd to Cu, Ni, and Zn in an acid soil +/- lime showed Cd to be the most phytotoxic. While interactive effects occur with regard to metal uptake and accumulation by plants, Cd uptake is essentially dependent upon the Cd concentration of the soil. Studies of chemical speciation of Cd in relation to Cd availability indicate that the free Cd(2+) concentration correlates better with Cd uptake than Cd total of the soil solution.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium tolerance varied strongly among crops.
Verbatim
e0“Tolerance to Cd is highly crop-specific”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach, soybean, curlycress and lettuce yields fell at 5 to 15 mug Cd/g soil.
- Taxon
- spinach, soybean, curlycress, and lettucee0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 5 to 15 mug Cd/g soile0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“yield reductions to occur with Cd sensitive plants (spinach, soybean, curlycress, and lettuce) at addition rates varying from 5 to 15 mug Cd/g soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato, squash, cabbage and rice did not have yield reductions below 150 mug Cd/g soil.
- Taxon
- tomato, squash, cabbage, and ricee0
- Treatment
- rates less than 150 mug Cd/g soile0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not suffer a yield reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“tolerant crops (tomato, squash, cabbage, and rice) did not suffer a yield reduction when treated at rates less than 150 mug Cd/g soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf cadmium ranged from 9 mug Cd/g leaf for beans to 200 mug Cd/g leaf for beets.
Verbatim
e0“leaf Cd concentrations ranged from a low of 9 mug Cd/g leaf for beans to 200 mug Cd/g leaf for beets”
Claim · model-written summary
Beet leaves contained 200 mug Cd/g leaf.
- Taxon
- beets
Beta vulgarise0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- leaf Cd concentrationse0
- Value
- 200 mug Cd/g leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf Cd concentrations ranged from a low of 9 mug Cd/g leaf for beans to 200 mug Cd/g leaf for beets”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and seed tissue had less cadmium than leaves.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit and seed tissue contain less Cd than leaves”
t0“food crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium was the most phytotoxic among cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in acid soil with or without lime.
Verbatim
e0“Cd to be the most phytotoxic”
t0“food crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant cadmium uptake depended mainly on soil cadmium concentration.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Cd uptake is essentially dependent upon the Cd concentration of the soil”
t0“food crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Free Cd(2+) concentration correlated better with Cd uptake than total soil-solution cadmium.
Verbatim
e0“the free Cd(2+) concentration correlates better with Cd uptake than Cd total of the soil solution”
t0“food crops”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.