Abstract
The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was first recorded during 2014 as an invasive cotton pest in Egypt. Thus, field experiments were conducted during the seasons 2015 and 2016 to study the population dynamic of P. solenopsis on cotton in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. Also, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, deltamethrin, lufenuron, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were tested for their toxicity to the third instar nymphs of P. solenopsis under laboratory conditions using leaf-dip and insect-spray methods. In both seasons, the infestation of P. solenopsis started during the early June when the cotton plants aged about two months. The highest population densities of 142.9+15.6 and 191.5+18.1 insects per twig were recorded on September 6 th 2015 and September 11 th 2016, respectively. The infestation was positively correlated with the maximum (r = 0.77) and minimum (r = 0.71) temperature and the relative humidity (r = 0.49). Based on the multiple regression analysis and the coefficient of determination values (R 2 ), the maximum and minimum temperature and the relative humidity were responsible for the changes in the insect population by 54.2 --63.7%. Thiamethoxam was the most effective insecticide (LC 50 = 23.6 mg AI L -1 ) against the third instar nymphs of P. solenopsis using the leaf-dip method, while lufenuron was the least toxic one with LC 50 value of 556.1 mg AI L -1 . When the insect-spray method was adopted, the toxicity of deltamethrin and lufenuron increased, whereas the toxicity of the others decreased comparing to that obtained in the leaf-dip method.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Infestation began in early June when cotton plants were about two months old.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Organ / stage
- about two monthse0
- Interactor
- P. solenopsis
Phenacoccus solenopsise0pest - Outcome
- infestation of P. solenopsise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the infestation of P. solenopsis started during the early June when the cotton plants aged about two months”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2015 peak density was 142.9+15.6 insects per twig on September 6.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- population densitiese0
- Value
- 142.9+15.6e0
- Qualifier
- September 6 th 2015e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest population densities of 142.9+15.6 and 191.5+18.1 insects per twig were recorded on September 6 th 2015 and September 11 th 2016, respectively”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2016 peak density was 191.5+18.1 insects per twig on September 11.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- population densitiese0
- Value
- 191.5+18.1 insects per twige0
- Qualifier
- September 11 th 2016e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest population densities of 142.9+15.6 and 191.5+18.1 insects per twig were recorded on September 6 th 2015 and September 11 th 2016, respectively”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mealybug infestation correlated positively with maximum temperature (r = 0.77).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- r = 0.77e0
- Qualifier
- maximume0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The infestation was positively correlated with the maximum (r = 0.77) and minimum (r = 0.71) temperature and the relative humidity (r = 0.49)”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mealybug infestation correlated positively with minimum temperature (r = 0.71).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- r = 0.71e0
- Qualifier
- minimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The infestation was positively correlated with the maximum (r = 0.77) and minimum (r = 0.71) temperature and the relative humidity (r = 0.49)”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mealybug infestation correlated positively with relative humidity (r = 0.49).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- r = 0.49e0
- Qualifier
- relative humiditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The infestation was positively correlated with the maximum (r = 0.77) and minimum (r = 0.71) temperature and the relative humidity (r = 0.49)”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature and humidity accounted for 54.2 --63.7% of insect population changes.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- changes in the insect populatione0
- Value
- 54.2 --63.7%e0
- Qualifier
- maximum and minimum temperature and the relative humiditye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum and minimum temperature and the relative humidity were responsible for the changes in the insect population by 54.2 --63.7%”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam was most toxic to third instar nymphs by leaf dip, with LC50 23.6 mg AI L -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Thiamethoxame0
- Interactor
- P. solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsise0pest
- Outcome
- LC 50e0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 23.6 mg AI L -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thiamethoxam was the most effective insecticide (LC 50 = 23.6 mg AI L -1 ) against the third instar nymphs of P. solenopsis using the leaf-dip method”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lufenuron was least toxic by leaf dip, with LC50 556.1 mg AI L -1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- lufenurone0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- LC 50e0
- Direction
- least toxice0
- Value
- 556.1 mg AI L -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lufenuron was the least toxic one with LC 50 value of 556.1 mg AI L -1”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect spray increased deltamethrin toxicity relative to leaf dip.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- deltamethrine0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- toxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- leaf-dip methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the toxicity of deltamethrin and lufenuron increased, whereas the toxicity of the others decreased comparing to that obtained in the leaf-dip method”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect spray increased lufenuron toxicity relative to leaf dip.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- lufenurone0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- toxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- leaf-dip methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the toxicity of deltamethrin and lufenuron increased, whereas the toxicity of the others decreased comparing to that obtained in the leaf-dip method”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect spray decreased toxicity of the other tested insecticides relative to leaf dip.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- the otherse0
- Interactor
- Phenacoccus solenopsisPhenacoccus solenopsist0pest
- Outcome
- toxicitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- leaf-dip methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the toxicity of the others decreased comparing to that obtained in the leaf-dip method”
t0“Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Cotton Plants”
The same questions in other papers
thiamethoxam · Phenacoccus solenopsis · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.